Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli Konaklama İşletmelerinde Girişimcilik Yöneliminin İşletme Performansına Etkisi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; girişimcilik yönelimini oluşturan yenilikçilik, risk alma ve proaktiflik boyutlarının küçük ve orta ölçekli konaklama işletmelerinin performansı üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Performans iki boyutta ölçülmüştür: finansal performans ve finansal olmayan performans. İşletme stratejilerinin temel göstergeleri arasında yer alan uzun dönem odaklılık ve stratejik esneklik değişkenlerinin birbirleri ile olan ilişkisinin yanı sıra girişimcilik yönelimi ve performans üzerindeki etkileri de incelenmiştir. Girişimcilik yönelimi boyutları ile performans türleri arasındaki ilişkilerde çevresel belirsizliğin düzenleyici rolü de test edilmiştir. Yöntem: 334 konaklama işletmesinden 2018 yılında anket formu vasıtasıyla veri toplanmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bulgulara göre, proaktiflik ve risk alma finansal ve finansal olmayan performansı anlamlı şekilde etkilemektedir. Proaktifliğin performans türleri ile ilişkisi pozitifken, risk almanın negatif etkisi vardır. Yenilikçiliğin ise sadece finansal olmayan performansı pozitif ve anlamlı şekilde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Uzun dönem odaklılık girişimcilik yönelimin tüm boyutlarını, stratejik esnekliği ve finansal performansı olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. İlaveten, stratejik esnekliğin yüksek olduğu durumlarda risk alma, yenilikçilik ve finansal olmayan performansta pozitif yönlü değişimler saptanmıştır. Çevresel belirsizliğin düzenleyici rolü ise sadece proaktifliğin performans türleri ile arasındaki ilişki örüntülerinde gözlenmiştir. Tartışma: Girişimcilik yöneliminin ve uzun dönem odaklılık ya da esneklik gibi örgütsel stratejilerin performansa yansımalarını neden-sonuç ilişkisi perspektifinden tartışan turizm çalışmalarının sayısı yetersizdir. Bu araştırma ile söz konusu eksiklik kısmen de olsa giderilmiştir.

The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Business Performance in Small and Medium-Sized Accommodation Enterprises

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of innovativeness, risk-taking and proactiveness dimensions, generating entrepreneurial orientation, on performance of small and mediumsized accommodation enterprises. Business performance was measured in two ways: financial performance and non-financial performance. In addition to the relationship between long-term orientation and strategic flexibility, which are among the main indicators of business strategies, effects of those variables on entrepreneurial orientation and performance are also examined. The moderating role of environmental uncertainty in the relationships between entrepreneurial orientation dimensions and performance types is also tested. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 334 accommodation businesses in 2018 through a survey form. Relationships between variables were tested using structural equation modeling. Findings: According to the findings, proactiveness and risk-taking significantly affect financial and nonfinancial performance. While proactiveness is positively associated with performance types, risk-taking has negative effects on both. Innovativeness only affects non-financial performance positively and significantly. Long-term orientation positively affects all dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, strategic flexibility, and financial performance. Additionally, positive changes were detected in risktaking, innovativeness and non-financial performance when strategic flexibility is high. The moderating role of environmental uncertainty was only observed in the relationship patterns between proactiveness and performance types. Discussion: The number of tourism studies discussing the reflections of entrepreneurial orientation and organizational strategies such as long-term orientation or flexibility on performance from a cause-effect relationship perspective are insufficient in the literature. With this research, this deficiency has been remedied even if partially.

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