Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım: Suriyeli Mülteciler ve Pazarı Motive Eden Faktörler

Amaç – Bu çalışma, doğrudan yatırım yapan mülteci girişimcileri motive eden faktörlerin neler olduğunu tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem – Çalışmada mülteci yatırımcıları motive eden faktörlerin neler olduğu sorusuna, kültürel ve yapısal modelin dahil edildiği etkileşim modeli aracılığıyla cevap aranmıştır. Araştırma modeli, mülteci girişimciliğinin mikro, mezo ve makro düzey politikalara dayalı olarak nasıl geliştirilmesi gerektiğini ve motive edici unsurların neler olduğunu (sosyo-ekonomik değişkenleri) araştırmak üzere kurulmuştur. Çalışma, ekosistemdeki mültecileri doğrudan yabancı yatırımlarında (DYY) motive eden faktörlerin neler olduğu sorusuna sosyal, kültürel ve siyasi farklılıklarla cevap vermektedir. Bu amaçla pilot uygulama yapılmış, Google form aracılığıyla Türkçe, İngilizce ve Arapça dillerinde hazırlanan çevrimiçi anket, 39 DYY yapan mülteci işletmeye gönderilerek ampirik çalışılmıştır. Veriler nicel yöntemlerden betimsel analiz yoluyla incelenmiş, infografi ile desteklenmiştir. Bulgular – Mülteci girişimcileri motive eden faktörler sırasıyla AB’ye yakınlık, pazar büyüklüğü, kabul edilen mülteci sayısı ve göçmen politikaları, hammaddeye erişim kolaylığı ve yabancı pazara giriş, pazar büyüme beklentisi, komşu pazara ihracat üssü oluşturmak ve yatırım kolaylaştırma, yüksek kar marjı beklentisi, sanayi, kalkınma ve strateji planları, istikrar ve endüstriyel altyapı, dil, ekonomik büyüme, kalifiye işgücü, yatırım oranı yüksekliği, rekabet gücü artırmak, yenilikçi kapasite, teknoloji benimseme, ülkenin DYY sicil kaydı, yasalar, din, uyruk, kültür, ülke performansı(GSYH, enflasyon), rakip takibi, döviz politikası, ucuz işgücü olarak bulunmuştur. Tartışma – Çalışma sonucu birkaç ülke dışında dünyanın geri kalanının ve korkulanın aksine mültecilerin sosyal kohezyon problemlerinin önüne geçmek, sağlık, iş gücü ve meslek sağlama, güvenlik, yasal düzenlemeler yapmak gibi konularda sürdürülebilir politikaların başarıyla geliştirilebileceğini göstermektedir. Çalışma, ülkelerin 1951 sözleşmesi ve BM Sürdürülebilir Hedefler kapsamına aykırı hareket etmeden mülteci sorununa çözüm getirilebileceğini, uygarlık sınırlarının coğrafik sınırlara feda edilemeyeceğini hatırlatmaktadır.

Foreign Direct Investment: Syrian Refugees & The Motivating Factors For Market

Purpose – This study aims to determine what the motivating/push factors are from the eyes of refugee entrepreneurs who make direct investments. Design/methodology/approach – The question of the factors that motivate refugee investors in their direct investments was sought through the interaction model, in which the cultural and structural model was included. The research model was established to investigate the need to develop refugee entrepreneurship based on micro, meso, and macro-level policies and what the motivating factors in the ecosystem are (socio-economic variables). The study answers the question of what are the factors that motivate refugees in foreign direct investment (FDI) with social, cultural, and political differences. For this purpose, after the pilot application, an online questionnaire prepared in Turkish, English, and Arabic languages was sent to 39 FDI companies and empirically studied. The data was analyzed by quantitative method and descriptive analysis. Findings – Factors motivating refugee entrepreneurs are respectively proximity to the EU, market size, number of accepted refugees and immigration policies, ease of access to raw materials and foreign market-entry, market growth expectation, creating an export base to the neighboring market, and facilitating investment, high-profit margin expectation, industry, development and strategy plans, stability and industrial infrastructure, language and economic growth, qualified workforce, high investment rate, increasing competitiveness, innovative capacity, technology adoption, country's FDI record, laws, religion, nationality, culture, country performance(GDP, inflation), competitor tracking, foreign exchange policy, cheap labor. Discussion – The result of the study shows that, contrary to the rest of the world and what are feared, sustainable policies can be successfully developed to prevent the social cohesion problems of refugees, to provide health, workforce, and occupation, to protect them, and to make arrangements. It reminds us that countries can make arrangements against the refugee problem without acting contrary to the 1951 Convention and the scope of the UN Sustainable Goals and that the borders of civilization cannot be sacrificed to geographical borders.

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