BİRİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI'NDA KİMYASAL SİLAH KULLANIMI VE ÇANAKKALE CEPHESİ

Birinci Dünya Savaşı o güne kadar görülmemiş büyüklükte, kanlı, çok katılımlı bir dünya savaşı olmuştur. Savaşan taraflar zafer için her yolu denemekten ve her türlü metodu uygulamaktan geri durmamışlardır. Savaş askerî ve sivil tüm kesimleri etkileyen bir topyekûn savaş hâlini almıştır. Savaşın en şeytani ve ürkütücü yönlerinden birisi kimyasal silahların yaygın kullanımıdır. Özellikle Batı Cephesinde Nisan 1915te Almanların geniş çaplı zehirli gaz saldırısı ile başlayan kimyasal savaş, büyük savaşın kimyasal savaş olarak anılmasına yol açmıştır. Büyük savaşın en kanlı ve zorlu cephelerinden birisi Gelibolu Cephesidir. İtilaf kuvvetlerinin Türk Boğazlarını ele geçirerek Osmanlı Devletini savaş dışı bırakma çabası deniz saldırıları ve kara çıkarması ile sürmüş ancak başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmıştır. Bu cephede zehirli gaz kullanıldığına dair söylem ve belgeler olsa da kullanılan zehirli gazın miktarı ve etkisi konusunda kesin bir şey söylemek zordur zira eldeki kaynakların ve belgelerin büyük çoğunluğu Çanakkale Savaşlarının kimyasal saldırılardan uzak tutulduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, genelde Büyük Savaşın; özelde ise Çanakkale Savaşlarının kimyasal boyutu ile ilgili bir çabadır.

USE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR, AND THE ÇANAKKALE FRONT

The First World War was a great, bloody and multi-sided world war ever seen to that date. The belligerent sides tried every possible way and method to get victory. This war turned into a total war affecting both military and civilian peoples. One of the most demonic and frightening features of the war was the widespread use of chemical weapons. The chemical war starting with Germany s use of large scale poison gas in April 1915, particularly in the western front, caused the Great War to be remembered as a chemical warfare . One of the most bloody and arduous battlegrounds in the Great War was the Gallipoli front. Efforts of the Entente Powers to take control of the Turkish straits and to shove the Ottoman Empire out of the war continued with naval attacks and landings, but ended in a failure. Even though there are some statements and documents on the use of poison gas in this front, it is hard to utter any word on the amount and impact of the employed poison gas because a great deal of available sources and documents state that the Çanakkale Battles were free of chemical attacks. This study tries to touch upon the chemical aspect of the First World War in general, and the Çanakkale battles in particular.

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