ARKAİK DÖNEM KIBRIS DİNİNİ ANLAMLANDIRMADA PİŞMİŞ TOPRAK HEYKELCİKLERİN ROLÜ

Kıbrıs’ın Arkaik dönemi, adanın kültürel geçmişinin en zengin ve özgün dönemini teşkil etmektedir. Pek çok arkeolojik bulgu ve yazılı kaynak ışığında bu dönemin sosyal ve kültürel yapısı, bu dönemde Ada’nın izlediği ticari ve kültürel ilişkiler gibi konular ve daha fazlası hakkında tatmin edici bilgilere ulaşmak mümkündür. Ancak tüm bu zengin bilgi dağarcığı, Kıbrıs-Arkaik dönemdeki din olgusunu özellikle mimari ve uygulama alanlarında anlamlandırmamız ve kimliklendirmemiz hususunda eksiklikler sergilemektedir. Bu eksiklikler neticesinde dönemin dini yapılarının, özellikle de tapınakların, üst mimarileri ve bazen de süsleme öğeleri hakkında ciddi belirsizlikler doğurmaktadır. Bunun yanında Kıbrıs kökenli yazılı kaynakların eksikliği dini törenlerin kimler tarafından ve nasıl gerçekleştirildiği hususunda da ciddi bilgi eksiklikleri doğmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu makale, Arkaik Kıbrıs dinini anlamlandırırken mimari ve uygulama alanında karşılaşılan eksiklikleri sadece pişmiş toprak heykelcikler üzerinden gidermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Kıbrıs- Arkaik Dönem tarihli pişmiş toprak heykelcikler üzerinden Arkaik Kıbrıs dini hakkında öğrenilen bilgiler irdelenecek bir yandan da pişmiş toprak heykelciklerin bu alandaki rolü ve önemine de vurgu yapılacaktır. Kıbrıs- Arkaik Dönem’in dini mimarisi hakkında özellikle tapınak ve sunak modelleri gibi eserlere başvurulacaktır. Bu eserler tapınak planları yaında özellikle üst mimari ve mimari süsleme alanlarındaki eksikleri telafi etmede kullanılacaktır. Daha geniş ve çeşitli bir repertvar sunan tekil veya grup halindeki pişmiş toprak figürinler de dini törenler, ritüeller, inançlar ve tüm bunları gerçekleştiren Arkaik Dönem Kıbrıslıları hakkında bilgiler edinmek adına incelenecektir. İnceleme neticesinde ayrıca Kıbrıs-Arkaik dinini şekillendiren, niteleyen ve zenginleştiren tüm öğelerin etkileşim alanları ile kökenleri de anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır.

THE ROLE OF THE TERRACOTTA FIGURINES FOR INTERPRETING THE CYPRIOT RELIGION OF THE ARCHAIC PERIOD

Archaic Period of Cyprus, constitutes the most genuine and richest era of the islands cultural past. The social and cultural structure, as well as the trading and cultural relations of this genuine era are well attested by archaeological finds and ancient written sources. But our knowledge of this period is somehow insuffiecnt when it comes to interprete and identify the Cypro-Archaic religion, especially concerning its architecture and practices of worship. In result to this “insufficiency” serious uncertainities occure related to the superstructure and sometimes to the decoration elements of the religious buildings, especially of the temples. In addition to that, due to the lack of proper Cypriot written evidence it gets harder to interpret the nature of the religious ceremonies as well the the identity of people who had conducted them. The present study aims to solve the problem related to the architecture and practices of the Archaic Cypriot religion through the help of terracotta figurines. From this perspective, information obtained through terracottas will be evaluated and the role of the terracottas for iterpreting the Archaic religion of Cyprus will be emphasized. For understanding the religious architecture of the Cypro-Archaic Period especially the terracotta models of temples and shrines will be used. These representations will be taken as models for a better understanding of the superstructures and decoration elements of Cypriot religious buildings. Idle or grouped figurines which supply us with a wider and richer repertory will be used to obtain sufficient information in relation to the religious rituals, ceremonies, beliefs and to the Cypriots of the Archaic Period who had conducted them. Last but not the least, all external and internal elements that had shaped, characterized and enriched the Cypro-Archaic religion will also be evaluated.

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