İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARININ ASKERİ VE SİVİL ALANLARDA KULLANIMI: ABD VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEKLERİ VE BAZI POLİTİKA ÖNERİLERİ

İnsansız hava araçlarının (İHA) kullanımı günümüzde her alanda hızlayayılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İHA kullanımında meydana gelen gelişmeleriçözümleyebilmek için genel bir çerçeve çizmektir. Bu amaçla ilk bölümde, İHA’larıntarihsel gelişimi 1916 yılından itibaren ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde, çalışmanınkuramsal çerçevesi ortaya konulmuştur. Bu kapsamda,1 kamu politikalarıyazınından çoklu akımlar modeli ve örgüt kurumları yazınından taklitçi izomorfizmkavramı açıklanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde, İHA sektörünün sınıflandırılmasıgerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sınıflandırma İHA’ların tiplerine, irtifa ve havada kalışsürelerine göre yapılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde İHA’ların dünyada askeri ve sivilkullanım alanları incelenmiştir. Bu bölümde, askeri kullanım sınır güvenliği,sivil kullanım ise ağırlıkla kolluk faaliyetleri bağlamlarında değerlendirilmiştir.Son bölümde, İHA sektörünü etkileyen hükümetler, hükümet dışı örgütler, özelşirketler, sivil toplum ve yargı erki gibi kamu politikası aktörlerinin oynadığı rollerincelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, İHA’ların hükümetlerin gündeminde yer alarak havasahasına etkin ve verimli bir şekilde dâhil edilmesinin bir tercih olmaktan çıkarakzorunluluk haline geldiği söylenebilir.

THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN MILITARY AND CIVIL FIELDS: USA AND TURKEY MODELS AND SONE POLICY OFFERS

Today, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are spread out in all fields. The aim of this study is to be the key study to understand the developments in this field. In first section, historical background of UAVs is studied. In this section, the development which occur after 1916 are taken part. In second section, the theoritical background is explained. In this perspective, multiple streams theory and mimetric isomorphism theories are explained. In third section, the classification of UAVs is executed. This classification is executed by using the criteria of type, altitude and duration in the air. In fourth section, UAVs are examined with dividing them into two categories, which are military and civil use. In this section, border security is acknowledged in military field whereas especially law enforcement actions are in civil field. In final section, the roles of actors, which affect UAV sector are examined. In this perspective, the role of governments, non-government organizations, companies, community and justice take part. Finally, it can be accepted that integration of UAVs effectively and efficiently into air space by being in governments’ agenda is an obligation rather than a preference anymore.

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