ESKİ MEZOPOTAMYA YAZILI KAYNAKLARINDA MUŠEN / İṢṢŪRU “KUŞ” VE SEMBOLİZMİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Eski Mezopotamya yazılı kaynaklarının bilim adamlarınca deşifre edilip günümüz dillerine aktarılmasından sonra bu kaynakların zengin bir içeriğe sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Gerek diplomatik içerikli gerek gündelik hayata dair bilgilerin yer aldığı bu belgelerin ortak özelliği dönemin yazmanlarının dünyayı gözlemlemekte ve bu gözlemleri kaydetmekteki üstün başarıları olmuştur. Yazmanlar belgelerin içeriğini daha anlaşılır kılmak ve akılda kalıcılığını arttırmak amacıyla gözlemlerinin sonuçlarını kullandıkları mecaz ve sembolizm tekniği ile pekiştirmiştir. Eski Mezopotamya literatüründe karşımıza çıkan sembolizmin öznelerinden birini de MUŠEN / iṣṣūru“kuş” oluşturmaktadır. Hatta öyle ki kuşların yaratılışlarının dini içerikli bir şiir üzerinden anlatılmış olması, onların Eski Mezopotamyalının gözünde ne büyük bir öneme sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Kuş öznesinden hareketle incelediğimiz metinlerde kuş türleri üzerinden yapılan sembolizm ve mecazın çeşitliliği dikkat çekicidir. Mutluluk, sadakat, güven, cesaret gibi olumlu duyguları yansıtan kuşlar tam tersi anlamda korku, hoşnutsuzluk, zor durumda olma gibi anlamları da temsil etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı “kuş” öznesinden hareketle Eski Mezopotamya’ya ait yazılı kaynaklarda geçen kuş ile ilgili metinler ve çeşitli anlamlar taşıyan kuş simgesinin dönemin düşünce dünyasındaki yeri hakkında toplu bir şekilde bilgi verip, değerlendirme yapmaktır.

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