Türkiye’de Kadın İstihdamı ve Aile: Algılar ve Teori Arasında Bir Karşılaştırma

Türk refah rejiminin, hangi refah modelinin içinde yer aldığına ilişkin literatürde farklı yaklaşımlar mevcuttur. Bununla beraber, özellikle kadın ve ailenin konumu dikkate alındığında Türkiye'nin Güney Avrupa Refah Modelinin (GARM) belirleyici niteliklerini taşıdığı göze çarpmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin GARM dahil olduğu görüşünden yola çıkarak belirlenen çerçevede bir anket hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan anket, literatürde kabul edilen GARM' özellikleriyle, Türk vatandaşlarının refah devletine dönük algısının uyumu test edilmiştir. Anket sonuçları çapraz tablolar ve regresyon analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Neticede, tek gelir getiricili - çift gelir getiricili aile yapısı ve kadın çalışmasına bakış açısı noktasında literatüre uymayan cevaplar alınırken, ani krizlere kime güvenileceği ve en çok güvenilen sigorta kolu hususlarında uyumlu yanıtlar alınmıştır. Literatürde tek gelir getiricili aileden çift gelir getiricili aileye geçişin hem işgücü piyasası, hem de aile yapısı üzerindeki büyük etkisine yapılan yaygın vurgu nedeniyle bağımlı değişken olarak seçilmiştir. Analiz neticesinde, bağımlı değişkenin en önemli tahmin edicisinin de kadının çalışmasına dönük algı olduğu tespit edilmiş, toplumsal bir dönüşüm yaşandığı ortaya konmuştur

Women Employment and Family in Turkey: A Comparison between Perceptions and the Theory

There are different approaches about where Turkish welfare regime should be placed among welfare models in the relevant literature. That being said, especially when taking women's and family’s position into consideration, Turkey shows similar tendencies with South European Welfare Regimes’ (SEWR) characteristics. In this paper, a questionnaire has been developed within the scope of a framework that is based on the literature on Turkey’s membership to SEWR. The questionnaire aims to test compatibility between SEWR characteristics put forwardin the related literature and Turkish citizens’ perception about welfare state. Cross-tabulation and regression analysis were used to evaluate results of the questionnaire.The results of the analyses show that, while the responds about perception on sole breadwinner – dual breadwinner and, perception on women employment were not compatible with the literature, perception on who can be trusted in case of urgent crisis and, perception on the most important insurance branch were in parallel with the literature. Since the transformation from sole breadwinner to dual breadwinner has serious effects on both labour market and family structure, it was chosen as dependent variable for regression analysis. The analysis indicated that perception about women employment is the most powerful predictor of the dependent variable

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