The Antecedents of Extra-Role Organizational Behaviors: A Qualitative Research on Soldier

The aim of this study is to reveal the antecedents of extra-role behaviors carried out by the soldiers, who serve in the army without having any financial expectation and have to stay in the barracks due to their compulsory military service. For this purpose, an exploratory research was conducted, in which the detailed interview method was applied on 14 soldiers, who had a certificate of appreciation from their commanders and said to exhibit extra-role behaviors by their commanders. The findings have indicated that exhibited extra-role behaviors were highly related with friendship. Other behaviors are tasks in company, training other soldiers, learning new things, and using the knowledge and skills from civil life in army. When the reasons of these behaviors are examined in detail, it can be seen that the most important factor is friendship, followed by personality, being liked and esteemed by commanders, reciprocity, institute's success and patriotism.

___

Barbuta, J. E. & Story, J. S. P., (2011). "Work Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors", Journal of Leadership Studıes, 5(1): 23-34.

Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). "Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee citizenship" Academy of Management Journal, 26: 587-595.

Belogolovsky, E. & Somech, A. (2010). "Teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Examining the Boundary between In-Role Behavior and Extra-Role Behavior from the Perspective of Teachers, Principals and Parents", Teaching and Teacher Education, 26: 914-923.

Bettencourt, L. A. & Brown, S. W. (1997). "Contact Employees: Relationships among Workplace Fairness, Job Satisfaction and Prosocial Service Behaviors", Joumal of Retailing, Volume 73(1): 39-61.

Bowling N. A., (2010). "Effects of Job Satisfaction and Conscientiousness on Extra- Role Behaviors", Journal of Business Psychology, 25:119-130.

Brief, A. P. & Motowidlo, S. J., (1986). "Prosocial Organizational Behaviors", Academy of Management Review, 11 (4), 710-725.

Çetin, F., & Fikıikoca, A. (2010). "Rol Ötesi Olumlu Davranışlar Kişisel Ve Tutumsal Faktörlerle Öngörülebilir Mi?" Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 65(4): 41-66.

Çetin, F., Şeşen, H. & Basim, N. (2012). "Örgüt Kültürünün Rol Ötesi Olumlu Davranışlara Olan Etkisi: Örgütsel Bağlılığın Aracı Değişken Rolü", Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 13(2): 197 - 211.

Chen Z., Eisenberger R., Johnson, K. M., Sucharski, I. L. & J. Aselage, (2008). "Perceived Organizational Support and Extra- Role Performance: Which Leads to Which?" The Journal of Social Psychology, 148(2): 119-124.

Chiaburu, D. S. & Marinova, S. V. & Lim, A. S (2007). "Helping and proactive extra- role behaviors: The influence of motives, goal orientation, and social context", Personality and Individual Differences, 43: 2282-2293.

Davoudi, S. M. M., (2012). "Organizational commitment and extra-role behaviour: A survey in Iran's Insurance Industry", Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics, 7(1): 66-75.

Dyne, V. L., & Cummings, L. L. (1990). "Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity". Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, San Francisco

Dyne, V. L., & Lepine, J.A. (1998). "Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity", Academy of Management Journal, 37: 765- 802.

Dyne V. L., Graham, J. W., & Dienesh, R. M. (1994). "Organizational citizenship behavior: construct redefinition, measurement and validity", Academy of Management Journal, 37: 765-802

Finkelstein, M. A., (2011). "Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Functional Approach to Organizational Citizenship Behavior", Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture, 2(1): 19-34.

Hannah, S.T., Avolio, B.J. & Walumbwa, F.O. (2011). "Relationships between Authentic Leadership, Moral Courage, and Ethical and Pro-Social Behaviors" Business Ethics Quarterly, 21(4): 555-578.

Kane, R. E., Magnusen, M. J. & Perrewe, P. L. (2012). "Differential effects of identification on extra-role behavior", Career Development International 17(1): 25-42

Katz, D. (1964). "The motivational basis of organizational behavior", Behavioral Science, 9: 131-146.

Kim, W. C. & Mauborgne, R. A. (1996). "Procedural Justice and Managers' In-Role and Extra-Role Behavior: The Case of the MultinationalAuthor(s):, Management Science, 42(4): 499-515.

Karaman, A. & Aylan, S. (2012). "Örgütsel Vatandaşlık, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1:35-48.

Leung A. S. M., (2008) "Matching Ethical Work Climate to In-role and Extra-role Behaviors in a Collectivist Work Setting", Journal of Business Ethics, 79: 43-55.

Morrison, E. (1994), "Role Definitions and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Importance of the Employee's Perspective", Academy of Management Journal, 37(6): 1543-1567.

Morrison, E. W., & Phelps, C. C. (1999). Taking charge at work: Extra-role efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 403- 419.

Organ, D. W., (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome, Canada: Lexington Books.

Organ, D. W., (1990), "The Subtle Significance of Job Satisfaction," Clinical Laboratory Management Review, 4 (1), 94-98.

Organ. D. W. (1997). "Organizational citizenship behavior: It's construct clean-up time", Human Performance, 10: 85-97.

Penner, L. A. (2002). "Dispositional and organizational influences on sustained volunteerism: An interactionist perspective", Journal of Social Issues, 58: 447- 467.

Penner, L.A., Midili, A.R. & Kegerlmeyer, J. (1997), "Beyond job attitudes: a personality and psychology perspective on the causes of organizational citizenship behavior", Human Performance, 10(2): 111-131.

Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G., (2000). "Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research", Journal of Management, 26(3): 513-563.

Scholl, R.W. (1981). "Differentiating organizational commitment from expectancy as a motivating force", Academy of Management Review, 6: 589-599.

Sirota, D., Mischkind, L. A., Meltzer M. I., (2005). The Enthusiastic Employee: How Companies Profit by Giving Workers What They Want. Wharton School Publishing, United State of America.

Somech, A. & Zahavy, A. D. (2000). "Understanding extra-role behavior in schools: the relationships between job satisfaction, sense of efficacy, and teachers' extra-role behavior" Teaching and Teacher Education, 16: 649-659.

Stoner, J., Perrewe, P. L. & Munyon, T. P. (2011). "The role of identity in extra-role behaviors: development of a conceptual model", Journal of Managerial Psychology Vol. 26(2): 94-107.

Srikanth, P. B. & Jomon, M. G. (2013). "Is This My Job at All?" The Impact of Flexible Role Orientation in Predicting Extra-Role Behavior", Southern Business Review, Summer: 29-48.

Tremblay, M., Cloutierb, J. Simardb, G., Cheneverta, D. & Vandenberghe, C. (2010). "The role of HRM practices, procedural justice, organizational support and trust in organizational commitment and in-role and extra-role performance", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(3): 405-433.

Turnipseed, D.L., & Rassuli, A., (2005). "Performance perception of organizational citizenship behaviors at work: a bi-level study among managers and employee", British Journal of Management, 16: 231-244.

Vey, M. A & Campbell, J. (2004). "In-Role and Extra-Role Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Which Are We Measuring", Human Performance, 17(1): 119-135.

Yeşiltaş, M. Kanten, P. & Sormaz, Ü. (2013). "Otantik liderlik tarzının prososyal hizmet davranışları üzerindeki etkisi: Konaklama işletmelerine yönelik bir uygulama", İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(2): 333-350.

Waldman, D. A., (1994), "The Contributions of Total Quality Management to a Theory of Work Performance", Academy Management Review, 19(3): 510-536.

Witt, L. A. & Eilson, J. W. (1991). "Moderating Effect of Job Satisfaction on The Relationship between Equity and Extra-role Behaviors", The Journal of Social Psychology, 131(2): 247-252.

Zhu, Y., (2013). "Individual Behavior: In-role and Extra-role", International Journal of Business Administration, 4(1): 23-27.
İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1309-0712
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2009
  • Yayıncı: Melih Topaloğlu