Savaşın Girdabından Kaçmak: Türkiye’nin İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndaki Tarafsızlık Politikasının İki Yönlü Analizi

Türkiye İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda tarafsız kalan az sayıda ülkeden bir tanesi olmuştur. Ankara hükümetinin dış politikadaki bu tercihi, tarafsız devletlerin haklarının çoğu kez göz ardı edildiği (daha ziyade küçük ölçekli devletlerin) ve onların muharipler tarafından “ahlaksız bedavacılar” ve “harp zenginleri” gibi benzetmeler ile itibarsızlaştırıldığı bir dönemde kendisi için büyük bir sınavdı. Bu makalede iddia edilen Türk yönetici sınıfının İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndaki tarafsızlık tercihinin savaşan taraflarla ticaretten edinilecek kar benzeri günlük hesapların çok ötesinde, onların geçmiş deneyimlerinin de etkisiyle milli güvenlik algılarında şekil bulan anlayıştan kaynaklı bir ölüm kalım mücadelesi olduğudur. Çalışmada ilk olarak Türk yönetici sınıfının bilinçaltına nüfuz etmiş olan tarafsızlık politikasının arkasında yatan sebepler tartışılacaktır. İkinci olarak, Türkiye’nin tarafsızlık politikasını riske atıcı gelişmeler karşısında Türk yönetici sınıfının, ülkenin savaş dışı konumunu muhafaza etmek amacıyla uyguladığı diplomatik manevraların bir analizi yapılacaktır.

Escaping the Whirlpool of War: a Two-fold Analysis of Turkey’s Neutrality Policy in World War II

Turkey was one of the few countries that remained neutral during World War II. It was a big test for the government in Ankara since the rights of the wartime neutrals (particularly that of the small powers) were often ignored and they were labeled by the belligerents with such derogatory terms as “immoral free riders” or “war profiteers”. This article argues that, Turkish ruling elite’s choice of neutrality was not taken based on simple calculations of profiting from the trade with the belligerents, but it was their number one priority due to a national security psyche deeply ingrained in their past experiences. To this end, this article will firstly re-unfold the roots of Turkish neutrality philosophy. Secondly it will give a deeper analysis of the diplomatic methods undertaken by the Turkish ruling elite (balancing, bridging alignments, evasion, procrastination, downplaying countries strategic value, exhibiting pro-status quo tendencies, etc..) to counter the developments (i.e. changing perceptions/war aims of belligerents) that would lead to its belligerency.

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