Adana, Anamur ve Silifke Müzesi'ndeki Figürlü Paye ve Levhalar

Balusters and Balustrades Carrying Figurative Decoration in the Museums of Adana, Anamur and Silifke

Through our work in the museums of Adana, Anamur and Silifke since 2000, we have identified a special group of balusters and balustrades carrying figurative decoration that are published here for the first time.In the Adana Museum there is a limestone baluster whose mace-like head is missing, the bottom left corner and left front edge have breaks and the lateral side has a groove. The baluster's front side is decorated and framed with a thick moulding; the upper part carries a Maltese cross motif inside a roundel in relief while the middle part is decorated with a depiction of the Sacrifice of Isaac by Abraham. The figurative part is more superficially carved and the figure of Abraham was rendered in outline and carved out. The nimbed figure wears a tunic and its right leg above the knee is thinner than below the knee, whereas the left leg is carved as thicker with the kneecap and back part depicted. Holding his sword in his right hand, Abraham grabs Isaac with his left hand. The figure of Isaac is worked in relief and he kneels on a rectangular altar with his hands tied at the back. He is also depicted with a halo but the details of his face are not discernible. However, the figure of Isaac is executed with contours and has not been carved out. The side of the altar that is visible is divided into six almost-equal squares that could represent the wood for the sacrificial fire. The heads and bodies of both Abraham and Isaac are depicted frontally, while their feet are portrayed in profile. Above the head of Isaac is a depicted with contours a medallion but the field of which is empty. The figure of an animal is seen, almost touching Abraham's left leg with its forelimbs and looking towards him. This animal rests upon its hind legs and its tail hangs down vertically while its forelimbs are raised. This animal is likely to be the ram which is to be sacrificed instead of Isaac. Here, just below the middle section there is depicted a bull moving in the same direction as the other animal figure but in an opposite direction.to that of Abraham and Isaac. Its body is depicted in profile and the head is facing; its forelimbs are folded at the knees as though going forwards while the hind legs proceed backwards. Its tail also hangs down, to the ground.The fragments of a baluster, Nos. 1 and 2, in the Silifke Museum are of limestone and this baluster it is broken in the middle and its mace-like head is missing. The front side is divided into two panels with mouldings; each panel is decorated with a bird figure amidst pointed . leaves executed in openwork. The birds are of almost the same size and the details of their wings and bodies are depicted with incised lines in various directions. The beaks and eyes are the only details on these birds' heads. Above their heads are also pointed leaves. A feature worth noting is that the panels divided with frames are painted in a brown-red.The limestone balustrade in the Adana Museum carries decoration on only one side - a rhombus formed by a pair of mouldings and with a Latin cross inside. Inside the corners formed by this rhombus and the outermost frame bird figures are depicted in profile and executed in low relief. Their beaks touch the frame. Their wings are incised and their eyes are indicated by a dot. The tails of the birds on the left reach the corner, thus they are only half rendered. The letters A and W flank the Latin cross, but in reverse order. This balustrade has three holes.In the Anamur Museum, No. 1 of the balustrade fragments with figurative decoration is a broken balustrade fragment, about three quarters of which and the bottom left corner are today missing. It is decorated on both sides with pointed acanthus leaves in openwork. On the front side in the middle is depicted the hindquarters of an animal the hind legs and short tail are also seen. Fragment No. 2 is a corner piece of a balustrade the reverse of which was left blank. On the front are two moulded frames with wave motifs between. There are two pomegranates rising from the same root where the mouldings meet inside. One pomegranate hangs downwards towards the bird below it while the other points upwards. The bird under the pomegranate is a very elegant figure with its beak, eye, wings and tail all incised. Its beak possibly touches a roundel of dots.Balustrade No. 3 is decorated on both sides in low relief. This balustrade comprises three broken fragments the tops of which are missing. On the front is a frame of two thick mouldings. In the centre is a wreath with a Maltese cross in it. The wreath has a pearl at the tip of each leaf. The wreath is flanked by a tripod base from which rises a plant stem which is crowned by a depiction of a mountain goat. The stem has a leaf on either side and there is heart-shaped leaf motif on one side. The goat on the left has survived with its head, some parts of its horns and its forelimbs intact. The goat on the right is better preserved and it is depicted proceeding toward the wreath and has grand horns. The mouths and the eyes of both goats are incised.Another pillar consists of two fragments matched together by us and which belongs to a limestone door jamb or lintel. The field is bordered with a moulding on the top and bottom. Then there is a border of stylised leaves and along the middle there extends a rinceau with tiny bosses. Animal figures and leaves are carved between the branches. In addition to the birds with incised wings, eyes and tails there is a figure of a goat. While the birds are depicted stationary the goat is depicted as moving.The balusters and balustrades at the Museums of Adana, Anamur and Silifke are mainly dated to the mid or latter half of the 6th century. They functioned at the templons, between the pillars separating the aisles or the gallery floor of the church. Amongst the pieces here studied, the baluster carrying a depiction of the Sacrifice of Isaac by Abraham has icono-graphic importance. It is gener

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