Egypt and Anatolia located in the eastern end of the Mediterranean have been in constant contact throughout the course of history. Waves emerging on the Anatolian coasts reached Egypt, or, those emerging at Egypt reached Anatolia. These relations also continued through the Middle Ages. As history came into being around the Mediterranean, Egypt and Anatolia were the most discernible colours and their interconnections formed the most vivid landscapes of this painting. Trade and the goods that were exchange played a great part in these relations.In the long history of the Mediterranean, the Islamic presence and events occurring in relation to it represent an important period and, in particular the Mamluk period is noteworthy, both for the political developments and in terms of the economic relations between these regions. The Mamluks had economic relations with Asia and Europe and their relations with Anatolia developed within this overall context. The economic movement between Anatolia and Egypt is observed on both the land and the sea routes and the goods exchanged between these lands form the subject matter of the present article.The Mamluk State was based on a slave military aristocracy as the "mamluks", including the Sultan were indeed slaves purchased from other lands. According to al-Maqrizi, "these mamluks bearing names unknown to others, and having no noble past" could rise to the rank of a Sultan and this Mamluke system continued until the fall of the state. The slaves were brought to Egypt above all from Transoxania, the Kipchak steppe, the lands of the Tatars and from Caucasia. Anatolia was an important centre of the slave trade. Already before the foundation of the Mamluk State, during the Ayyubid period, Anatolia was a conduit for the transportation of slaves, future mamluks, by Egyptian slave merchants. Egyptian and Syrian merchants entered Anatolia through the ports of Antalya and Alanya and continued overland to Sinop or Samsun, from where they embarked for the ports of Suğdak, Kefe and Kerch on the northern Black Sea coast. They took merchandise of cotton and silk textiles with them and bought furs, slaves and concubines.It is also known that timber was shipped from both the south and the west coasts of Anatolia. Another item exported from Anatolia to Egypt were the textiles known as "bi-sat-i Rumiya" and various fruits were also exported: apricots and almonds from Antalya, and the "kamereddin" apricots from Konya. In addition, pomegranates and pomegranate wine from Denizli and rice from Kütahya, as well as grains were also exported. Again in the 14th century, the world-famous liquorice from Balat (ancient Miletus) was shipped via the River Maeander and then by sea to Egypt. Another export item was horses and both Egyptian and Syrian merchants went to Amasya to buy silver, while Turkish leather was very famous in Egypt; leather being another important export from Anatolia.On the other hand, goods imported from Egypt into Anatolia are headed by a variety of textiles and flax. Sugar, a luxurious item of consumption in this period, was imported from Egypt and from Syria and Iraq. While the elite consumed sugar, the populace ate honey, pekmez (thick syrup of grape juice) and fruits. Grains were also imported from Egypt, the granary and spices were also imported from Egypt to Anatolia.While the exchange of goods between Anatolia and Egypt increased or decreased in accordance with political developments, this exchange never stopped. While Egypt bought some items of vital importance from Anatolia an important flow of goods from Egypt into Anatolia also occurred. This topic, known to have existed but not in detail, has been explored in this article with the hope of making a contribution to the history of trade in the Mediterranean, particularly, to the economic history of the Mamluk period.