COVID-19 ve Küresel Cinsiyet Uçurumu: Cinsiyete Dayalı İşgücü Yansımaları

Covid-19, sosyal, politik ve ekonomik sistemlerdeki güvenlik açıklarını açığa çıkarmakta, cinsiyet eşitsizliğine yansıyarak kadın işgücünde problem olarak kendini göstermektedir. Bu probleme çözüm sunmanın ilk koşulu ise problemi boyutlarıyla ölçebilmekten geçmektedir. Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizlik problemini çözmek için, eşitlik denkleminin çözümünde yer alacak önemli belirleyicileri ölçmek gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla Dünya Ekonomik Forumu (WEF) tarafından oluşturulmuş Küresel Cinsiyet Endeksi (GAP) indikatörleri aracılığıyla cinsiyet uçurumu ve Covid-19 sürecinde işgücü yansımaları araştırılmıştır. Kadınların ekonomik katılım ve fırsat eşitliği, eğitim durumu, sağlık ve hayatta kalma ile politik yetkilendirme boyutları incelenmiştir. Çalışma, Küresel Cinsiyet Endeksi Türkiye’de yeni bilinen kavram olduğundan, cinsiyet eşitsizliklerini boyuta dayalı ve ölçülebilir şekilde tanımlamak, iş gücü yansımasında ülkeler arası karşılaştırma yapmak, etkili boyutları önceliklendirebilmek, politikalar belirlemek açısından önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye’deki toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerinin boyutsal olarak tanımlanması ve algılanması, eksik noktaların saptanarak, maruz kalınan cinsiyet uçurumunun tespitine katkı sunmaktadır. Endekse dayalı betimsel değerlendirme, Türkiye’nin cinsiyet eşitlik göstergelerinin düşüklüğüne, kadın işgücünün fazlaca etkilendiğine işaret etmektedir.

COVID-19 and Global Gender Gap: COVID-19 Impact on Gender in Workforce

Covid-19 reveals vulnerabilities in social, political and economic systems, and is reflected in gender inequality and manifests itself as a problem in the female workforce.The first condition of offering the best solution to a problem is to be able to measure the problem with its dimensions.In order to solve the gender inequality problem, it is necessary to measure the important determinants.For this purpose, gender gap and workforce reflections in the Covid-19 process were investigated through the Global Gender Index (GGI) indicators.The dimensions of women's economic participation and equal opportunity, educational status, health and survival, and political empowerment were examined.The study is important in terms of defining gender inequalities in a dimension-based and measurable way, since the GGI is a newly known concept in Turkey.The study contributes to the dimensional definition and perspective of the gender inequalities of women in Turkey.Descriptive data analysis shows that the low gender equality in Turkey.

PDF

___

Global Network of Women Peace Builders, GNWP. (2020, Eylül). GNWP. 05 23, 2021 tarihinde COVID-19 and Women, Peace and Security Database: https://public.tableau.com/vizql/w/ImpactofCOVID- 19onWomenPeaceandSecurity/v/GNWPDashboard/viewData/sessions/CC61139E0E8748F792 9AED259A847463- 0:0/views/9732759308436904706_10637312357618346758?maxrows=200&viz=%7B%22wor ksheet%22%3A%22D%3A%20Impact%20Sub%20 adresinden alındı
Anu Madgavkar, O. W. (2021). COVID-19 and gender equality: Countering the regressive effects. 05 23, 2021 tarihinde McKinsey&Company: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/futureof- work/covid-19-and-gender-equality-countering-the-regressive-effects adresinden alındı
Ausín, B., González-Sanguino, C., & Castellanos, M. (2020). Gender-related differences in the psychological impact of confinement as a consequence of COVID-19 in Spain. Journal of Gender Studies. Advance online publication. hhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09589236.2020.1799768 , s. 29-38.
Azcona, G., Bhatt, A., Encarnacion, j., & Plazaola, -C. (2020). From insights to action: Gender equality in the wake of COVID-19. . UN Women. https://www.unwomen.org/- /media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/pu .
BBC. (2020, 11 26). 05 27, 2021 tarihinde Covid-19 salgını kadınların eşitlik mücadelesini BM'ye göre 25 yıl geriletebilir. Butterly, Sandrine Lungumbu & Amelia: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-55087826 adresinden alındı
CMIE, Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt. Ltd. (2020, Aralık 14). Female workforce shrinks in economic shocks. Ekim 11, 2021 tarihinde https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=warticle&dt=2020-12- 14%2012:48:29&msec=703 adresinden alındı
Collins, C., Landiva, L. C., Ruppanner, L., & Scarb. (2020). COVID-19 and the gender gap in work hours. Feminist Frontiers. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12506 , s. 101-112.
Fortier, N. (2020, August). COVID-19, gender inequality, and the responsibility of the state. International Journal of Wellbeing , 10 (3), s. 77-93.
Fuller, S., & Qian, Y. (2021, Mart 19). Covid-19 and The Gender Gap in Employment Among Parents of Young Children in Canada. The Gender & Society , 35 (2), s. 206-217.
Global Gender Gap Report, WEF. (2021). Global Gender Gap Report 2021. Benchmarking Gender Gaps: Findings from the Global Gender Gap Index.
Global Network of Women Peace Builders, GNWP. (2021b). GNWP. 05 23, 2021 tarihinde COVID-19 and Women, Peace and Security Database : https://public.tableau.com/vizql/w/ImpactofCOVID- 19onWomenPeaceandSecurity/v/GNWPDashboard/viewData/sessions/A8BBAB1EB50547AA 97502BB5522D88B3- 0:0/views/9732759308436904706_10637312357618346758?maxrows=200&viz=%7B%22wor ksheet%22%3A%22D%3A%20Impact%20Sub%20 adresinden alındı
Global Network of Women Peace Builders, GNWP. (2021c). GNWP. 05 23, 2021 tarihinde COVID-19 and Women, Peace and Security Database : https://public.tableau.com/vizql/w/ImpactofCOVID- 19onWomenPeaceandSecurity/v/GNWPDashboard/viewData/sessions/CC61139E0E8748F792 9AED259A847463- 0:0/views/9732759308436904706_10637312357618346758?maxrows=200&viz=%7B%22wor ksheet%22%3A%22D%3A%20Impact%20Sub%20 adresinden alındı
Global Network of Women Peacebuilders (GNWP ). (2021a). 05 23, 2021 tarihinde Impact On Women And Gender Equality Worsened Gender Digital Divide: https://gnwp.org/resources/covid-19- wps-database/worsened-gender-digital-divide-2/ adresinden alındı
GNWP. (2021c). 05 23, 2021 tarihinde https://public.tableau.com/vizql/w/ImpactofCOVID- 19onWomenPeaceandSecurity/v/GNWPDashboard/viewData/sessions/CC61139E0E8748F792 9AED259A847463- 0:0/views/9732759308436904706_10637312357618346758?maxrows=200&viz=%7B%22wor ksheet%22%3A%22D%3A%20Impact%20Sub%20 adresinden alındı
Hausmann, R., D. Tyson, ,. L., & Saadia, Z. (2009). Global Gender Report 2009, World Economic Form (WEF). Ekim 10, 2021 tarihinde Measuring the Global Gender Gap: https://web.archive.org/web/20130405044225/http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGa p_Report_2009.pdf adresinden alındı
Haynes, S. (2021, 03 30). TIME. 05 28, 2021 tarihinde The Global Gender Gap Will Take an Extra 36 Years to Close After the COVID-19 Pandemic, Report Finds: https://time.com/5951101/globalgender- gap-135-years/ adresinden alındı
International Women's Day. (2021b). Ekim 11, 2021 tarihinde MISSION: To forge inclusive work cultures where women's careers thrive and their achievements are celebrated: https://www.internationalwomensday.com/Mission/Work adresinden alındı
International Women's Day. (2021). International Women's Day, World Economic Forum. Oct 10, 2021 tarihinde 135+ years to close global gender gap says World Economic Forum: https://www.internationalwomensday.com/Missions/17033/135-years-to-close-global-gendergap- says-World-Economic-Forum adresinden alındı
Karaman, N. (2014). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Kavramı Çerçevesinde İş-Aile Yaşamı Uyum Politikaları Ve Türkiye. 3. Sektör Sosyal Ekonomik Dergisi , 49 (1), s. 86-108.
McKinsey & Company. (2019). 05 27, 2021 tarihinde Accelerating gender parity: What can governments do?: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/ourinsights/ accelerating-gender-parity-what-can-governments-do adresinden alındı
McKinsey & Company. (2020, 07 15). 05 27, 2021 tarihinde COVID-19 and gender equality: Countering the regressive effects: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-ofwork/ covid-19-and-gender-equality-countering-the-regressive-effects adresinden alındı
McKinsey & Company. (2020a, 07 15). 05 27, 2021 tarihinde COVID-19 and gender equality: Countering the regressive effects: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-ofwork/ covid-19-and-gender-equality-countering-the-regressive-effects adresinden alındı
OECD. (2018). Bridging The Digital Gender Divide Include, Upskill, Innovate.
Public Tableau. (2015). 05 27, 2021 tarihinde McKinsey Global Institue How equality for women can drive global growth:How gender-equal is your country? MGI examines gender equality across 15 indicators: https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/mckinsey.analytics/viz/MGIGenderParityandtheEconomy Dashboards/MGIGenderParityandtheEconomy adresinden alındı
Public Tableuau. (2015a, 09 28). 05 27, 2021 tarihinde How equality for women can drive global growth: https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/mckinsey.analytics/viz/MGIGenderParityandtheEconomy Dashboards/MGIGenderParityandtheEconomy adresinden alındı
Responsability. (2021, Sep). Oct 11, 2021 tarihinde 267 Years: Gender Equality after the Pandemic: https://www.responsability.com/en/magazine/267-years-gender-equality-after-the-pandemic adresinden alındı
Szabo, A., Ábel, K., & Boros, S. (2020). Attitudes toward COVID-19 and stress levels in Hungary: Effects of age, perceived health status, and gender. . Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. https://search.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019- ncov/resource/en/covidwho-693501 (12), s. 572-575.
UN Women. (2018). TURNING PROMISES INTO ACTION: GENDER EQUALITY IN THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
UN:United Nations, Birleşmiş Milletler Türkiye. (2020, 09 29). 05 24, 2021 tarihinde https://turkey.un.org/tr/93107-covid-19-ile-ilgili-yeni-veriler-dunyada-her-sekiz-ulkedenyalnizca- birinin-kadinlari-sosyal adresinden alındı
UNDP. (2020). 05 27, 2021b tarihinde COVID-19 Global Gender Response Tracker Fact Sheets: https://www.undp.org/publications/covid-19-global-gender-response-tracker-fact-sheets adresinden alındı
UNDP, United Nation Development Proramme. (2021, Eylül 28). Mayıs 24, 2021 tarihinde COVID-19 Global Gender Response Tracker Fact Sheets: https://www.undp.org/publications/covid-19- global-gender-response-tracker-fact-sheets adresinden alındı
WEF. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report 2020. Chapter 1. The Labour Market Outlook in the Pandemic Economy.
WEF, World Economic Form, The Future of Jobs Report. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report 2020. WEF https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-future-of-jobs-report-2020/in-full/infographicse4e69e4de7.