DEMOKRASİYİ HACKLEMEK: SİBER DEMOKRASİ ARAÇLARI

Bireylerin, karar alma süreçlerine ve yönetim mekanizmalarına katılımı ve temsilinde yeni bir katılım ve temsil aracı olarak sosyal ağlar ve siber demokrasi araçları ideal bir demokrasi modelinin geliştirilmesi adına bireyler için önemli fırsatlar sunmaktadır. İnternet teknolojilerinin bireylere temsil ve katılım yetenekleri açısından sunduğu fırsatlara odaklanan bu makalenin Sosyal Ağlar ve Katılım başlıklı ilk bölümünde Wall Streeet Gösterileri, Arap Baharı ve Gezi Parkı Gösterileri’nin başlamasında, yayılmasında ve gösteriler ile ilgili ulusal ve uluslararası kamuoyu oluşmasında mikroblog hizmeti Twitter’ın etkisi incelenmektedir. İkinci bölümde DemocracyOS, Loomio ve Change.org gibi, bireylerin yasal düzenlemeler ve yönetim uygulamalarına ilişkin istedikleri ya da istemedikleri konularda kamuoyu oluşturmak ve müzakerelerde bulunmak amacıyla bir araya geldikleri platformların yapısı ve çalışma sistemleri tanıtılmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde edemokrasi, e-yönetim, mobil yönetim, e-katılım, e-oylama ve e-siyaset gibi konseptlerin teorik olarak bilimsel, metodolojik yöntemlerle incelenmeye çalışıldığı ve tartışıldığı uluslararası konferanslara ilişkin veriler sunulmaktadır. Sonuç kısmında ise içerisinde yaşadığımız yüzyılda siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik hayat açısından etkileri son derece derinden hissedilen ve karşılıklı olarak birbirini destekleyen küreselleşme süreci ve bilgi teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler bağlamında bireylerin yönetim süreçlerine katılım ve temsilinde internet tabanlı uygulamaların önemi vurgulanmıştır. Makalenin bahse konu bölümlerinde ele alınan konular bağlamında çok sayıda istatistiksel veri ve örnek olaydan(case studies) yararlanılmış ve birey-devlet ilişkisi açısından siber demokrasi araçları olarak ifade edilen internet tabanlı uygulamaların bireyler tarafından etkin bir şekilde kullanılmasının yakın gelecekte olası neticelerine ilişkin bir gelecek projeksiyonu ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır.

HACKING THE DEMOCRACY: CYBER DEMOCRACY TOOLS

As a new tool for the individuals participation and representation in decision-making process and governance mechanisms, social networks and cyber-democracy tools offers significant opportunities for individuals on behalf of the development of an ideal model of democracy. In the first section of this article which focuses on the opportunities offered by internet technology in terms of participation and representation skills of individuals, Twitter is evaluated for its effects as a micro blogging service on the start and dissipation of and creation of national and international public opinion about Wall Street protests, Arab Spring and Gezi protests. In the second section,the structure and working systems of the platforms such as DemocracyOS, Loomio and Change.org, which individuals gather and use to create public opinion about the matters they prefer relating to the legal regulations and governance practices, are introduced. In the third section, the data are presented with the international events in which the concepts such as edemocracy, e-governance, mobile governance, e-participation, e-voting and e-politics are tried to be handled and discussed theoretically with the scientific methods. In the conclusion section, the importance of internetbased applications in the participation and representation of individuals in the management processes in the context of the globalization process and the developments in information technologies which are mutually supportive for each other, are emphasized. Numerous statistical data and case studies have been utilized in the context of the topics discussed in the chapters of the article and a future projection has been put forward regarding the possible results of the effective use of internet-based applications as cyber-democracy tools by individuals in terms of individual-state relationship in the near future.

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