Kardiyovasküler hastalıklardan korunmada toplum tabanlı koruma projelerinin yeri

Kardiyovasküler hastalıkların (KVH) kontrol altına alınmasında toplum tabanlı koruma programları, en temel stratejiyi oluşturmuştur. Toplum tabanlı korunma programları 1970’li yılların başında ABD’de gündeme gelmiştir. Programların amacı, KVH risk faktörlerini modifiye etmek ve hastalıkların morbidite ve mortalitesini azaltmaktır. Toplum tabanlı korunma programları genel toplumun direkt eğitimini amaçlayan, medikal bakımla sınırlı olamayan, sosyal iletişim ağlarının tümünü kullanan ve toplum liderlerinin desteğini alan kapsamlı, entegre çalışmalar ağıdır. Tarihi süreç içerisinde KVH’lar için toplum tabanlı korunma programlarının üç jenerasyonda geliştiğini görmekteyiz. Birinci jenerasyon toplum tabanlı korunma programlarının amacı tüm toplumu hedef alan, bireylerde uygun davranış değişikliği oluşturmayı amaçlayan çoklu müdahaleleri kapsayan uygulamalardan oluşmaktaydı. İkinci jenerasyon toplum tabanlı korunma programları birinci jenerasyona benzemekle beraber, ortak noktaları daha iyi planlanmaları ve finanse edilmiş olmalarıydı. Üçüncü jenerasyon toplum tabanlı korunma programları, birinci ve ikinci jenerasyon korunma programlarından adapte edilmiş olup, KVH’ların risk faktörlerinin yüksek prevalans gösterdiği, şehir içinde ve düşük gelir düzeyine sahip topluluklarda ya da okul çocukları gibi gruplarda uygulanmasıdır. Sonuç olarak; toplum sağlığı politikalarını belirleyicilerin KVH sorununun çözümü için, yeni daha etkin, toplumca kabul görmüş, uygulanabilir toplum tabanlı korunma programını geliştirmelerine gereksinim vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Toplum tabanlı katılım araştırmaları, Kalp damar hastalıkları, Biyomedikal araştırma

Place of the community-based protection projects in preventing the cardiovascular diseases

The community-based protection programs constitute the essential strategy in controlling the cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The community-based protection programs were brought to the agenda in the US in early 1970s. The aim of the programs was to modify the CVD risk factors and also to reduce the morbidity and mortality of such diseases. The community-based protection programs are networks of comprehensive and integrated studies which aim at direct education of the general public, not limited to medical care, use the entire social communication networks, and which obtain support from the leaders in a public. Within the course of time, we observe that the community-based programs evolved in three generations. The goal of the first generation community-based protection programs comprised of applications that targeted the entire society, aimed at forming appropriate behavior in individuals, and contained multiple interventions. Even though the second generation community-based protection programs resembled the first one, their common points were that both were better planned and financed. The third generation community-based protection programs were adapted from the first and second ones, and are being implemented in communities with high prevalence of CVD risk factors, in city centers, in low-income societies, and in groups like school children. Consequently, the community health care policy-makers need to develop new, more effective, commonly accepted and applicable community-based protection programs for the solution of CVD issue.

Keywords:

Community-Based Participatory Research, Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Research,

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