Buket KOÇYİĞİT OCAK, Emel ERDOĞDU

Ruminasyon ve Varsayılan Mod Ağı (DMN): Bir Beyin Ağı İncelemesi

Ruminasyon, en yaygın tekrarlayıcı olumsuz düşünme örüntülerinden biridir ve geçmiş olaylar ile bunların sonuçlarına olumsuz bir şekilde odaklanmayı içeren patolojik bir yapı olarak tanımlanır. Ruminasyonun iki alt tipi tanımlanmıştır; kara kara düşünme, depresif semptomların sonuçlarına odaklanan başarısız bir problem çözme girişimi olarak kabul edilirken yansıtma, depresif durumun nedenlerine odaklanan nispeten başarılı bir problem çözme girişimi olarak kabul edilir. Ruminasyon, son on yılda, kişi dinlenme halindeyken etkinleşen belirli beyin bölgelerini birbirine bağlayan ve kendine yönelik düşünme, hafıza ve dalgınlık ile ilişkilendirilmiş bir yapı olarak bilinen Varsayılan Mod Ağı (DMN) ile güçlü bir bağlantı göstermiştir. Ek olarak, son zamanlarda yapılan birkaç çalışma, DMN içindeki etkinliğin yanı sıra, DMN ile eş zamanlı çalışan bazı ağların da ruminasyonda rol oynayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ruminasyon ve DMN arasındaki ilişkiyi gösteren beş rs-fMRI (resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging) makalesi incelenmiş ve sonuçlar özetlenmiştir. Çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler, ruminatif düşünme sürecinde bazı DMN alt sistemlerinin iletişimlerinin artarken, bazı DMN alt sistemlerinin daha az iletişim kurduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, bazı kanıtlar, yüksek ruminatif düşünce stiline sahip kişilerde DMN senkronizasyonunun bozulmuş olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Son olarak ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için değerli olan hususlar ve öneriler vurgulanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ruminasyon, kara kara düşünme, yansıtma, olumsuz düşünme örüntüsü, f-MRI, varsayılan mod ağı

Rumination and Default Mode Network (DMN): A Brain Network Review

structure that involves focusing negatively on the past events and their consequences. Two subtypes of rumination are defined, while brooding is considered as an unsuccessful problem-solving attempt focusing on the consequences of depressive symptoms, reflection is considered as a relatively successful problem-solving attempt focusing on the causes of the depressive state. Within the last decade, rumination has been studied by its connection with the activity of the Default Mode Network (DMN), which is known as a structure that connects specific brain regions that increase their activity during the resting state (rs) and was associated with self-referential thinking, memory and mind wandering. Additionally, a few recent studies suggest that besides the activity within the DMN, some networks working simultaneously with the DMN may also play a significant role in rumination. Therefore, five rs-fMRI (resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging) articles assessing the relationship between rumination and DMN are discussed in this study. These studies show that while the communication of some DMN subsystems are increased during the process of ruminative thinking, some subsystems of DMN seems to communicate less. Moreover, some evidence suggests that DMN synchronization might be impaired in high-trait ruminators. Finally, it has been tried to emphasize the points and suggestions that are valuable for future studies.

Keywords:

rumination, brooding, reflection, negative thinking pattern, f-MRI, default mode network,

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