Direnişçi Planlama: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Yeni Bir Planlama Kuramı

1970’lerin sonundan itibaren artan neoliberalizm görüşü ve ül- kelerin liberal politikaları terk edip neoliberal politikalara ağırlık vermesi, özellikle gelişmekte olan ve henüz insan hakları konu- sunda yeterli düzeye ulaşamamış üçüncü dünya ülkelerinin de- mokratikleşme sürecine ket vurmuştur. Gelişmekte olan üçüncü dünya ülkelerinde kapitalin gücünün artması ile ülkedeki insan hakları göz ardı edilmeye başlanmış; sömürge döneminde güdülen eşitsiz ve sert politikalar bu sefer de sosyoekonomik ve sosyo- kültürel yönden geri planda bırakılmış halk üzerinde uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Direnişçi planlama, ezilen halkın otoriteye karşı dura- rak, bu eşitsiz ve sert uygulamalara direniş göstermesini ve halkın belirli yasal boşluklardan da yararlanarak kendini planlamanın bir parçası haline getirmesini savunan bir planlama teorisidir, yani bu kuram ile birey yaşadığı alanda herhangi bir aracıya ihtiyaç duy- madan birebir söz sahibidir. Makale kapsamında özellikle Dünya Bankası’nın Küresel Güney olarak adlandırdığı bölgelerde gelişen bu kuram detaylı bir şekilde irdelenecek; ikinci kısımda ise Domi- nik Cumhuriyeti, Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti ve İsrail’deki direniş- çi planlama uygulamaları olarak görülen Los Platanitos, Western Cape ve İsrail Bedevileri örnekleri hazırlanan tablolar yardımıyla özetlenecektir. Son aşamada, direnişin örgütleşme düzeyi, sürecin başarı/başarısızlık durumu ve otoriter rejimin duruşu paramet- releri üzerinden kuram çıktıları araştırılarak farklı coğrafyalarda kuramın işleyişi ve kuramı etkileyen unsurlar üzerine bir tartışma ortamı oluşturularak planlama dünyasında yeni bir kuramın ne kadar mümkün olduğu tartışılacaktır.

Insurgent Planning: A New Planning Theory for Developing Countries

The rise of neoliberalism that began at the end of 1970s and the countries’ abandonment of liberal policies for neoliberal policies; hindered in particular the democratization process of Third World countries that were developing and lacked in human rights. With the increase of capital’s power in developing Third World countries, human rights were becoming ignored, the un- fair and harsh policies administered during the colonial ages were now being conducted on people that were socioeconomically and socioculturally left behind. Insurgent planning is a planning theory that advocates oppressed people to stand against author- ity by resisting harsh practices and using legal loopholes to make themselves part of the planning process; meaning that with this concept, individuals have a voice in the places they live, without any intermediaries. Within this article, this developing theory will be thoroughly investigated, particularly in regions defined by the World Bank as the Global South. In the second part, cases like Los Platanitos, Western Cape and Negev Bedouins that are seen as insurgent planning practices in their respective countries Dominican Republic, Republic of South Africa and Israel; will be compiled in table format. To conclude, the outputs of the theory using the parameters: the organization level of the resistance, the success status of the process and the stance of the authori- tarian regime; will be examined, and a groundwork for discussing the practice of the theory in other places and the factors affect- ing the theory will be provided to ultimately discuss if a new theory in planning is possibl

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