Uses and functıons of Turkish folk music in present-day Turkey

Bu makalede, çağdaş Türkiyede Türk halk müziğinin kullanımı ve işlevleri incelenmektedir. Sosyal ve bölgesel bağlamlarda geniş bir alanı kapsayan yirmi altı müzik etkinliği, etnografik ve siste- matik bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Sanatçılar, dinleyiciler ve alıcılar ile yapılan görüşmeler ve katılımcı gözlem sonucunda elde edilen bilgiler, tümevarım yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bu analiz, Türk halk müziğinin sanatsal eğitim ve dans eğitimi; konser kavramının festival ve kafe konserleri gibi var- yantları; yaşam döngüsü, resmî açılışlar ve diğer önemli olaylardaki kutlamalar; dinî törenler ve resmî ve gayriresmî sosyal toplantılar gibi çeşitli etkinlik türlerinde rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, bu analiz Türk halk müziğinin psikolojik ve estetik işlev (kişisel alan); duygusal, kültürel veya tarihsel içeriğin iletimi ve kültürel mirasın korunması veya aktarımı (kültürel alan); profesyonel işlev, dans isteği uyandırması ve duyguların ve düşüncelerin iletimi (kişisel-sosyal alan); sosyal bağlar kurması veya onları güçlendirmesi ve siyasi görüşleri ifade etmesi (sosyal alan); (kültürel) kimliği ifade etmesi veya oluşturması (sosyal-kültürel alan); mistik veya dinî deneyimleri teşvik etmesi veya dayanışma, insanlık veya hayırseverlik duygularını uyandırması (felsefi-manevi alan); ve yaşam döngüsündeki etkinliklere ve diğer önemli olaylara eşlik etmesi (ritüel alan) gibi çeşitli alanlardaki farklı işlevlerini ortaya koymuştur. Bu sonuçlar, Türk halk müziğinin, çağdaş Türk toplumu üzerinde farklı ve etkili rollere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Türkiyede Türk halk müziğinin günümüzdeki kullanımları ve işlevleri

This paper investigates the uses and functions of Turkish folk music in modern Turkey. Twenty- six musical events, occurring in a broad range of social and regional contexts, have been ethnograp- hically studied in a systematic way. The data, collected by means of participant observation and in- terviews with performers, listeners and commissioners, were analysed according to the qualitative inductive approach. The analysis showed that Turkish folk music plays a role in different kinds of events: artistic training and dance education, variants of the concert concept such as festivals and café concerts, celebrations of life cycle events, official openings and other important events, religious services, and formal and informal social gatherings. Turkish folk music also turned out to adopt a variety of functions, which can be situated in different fields: a psychological function and an aesthetic function (personal field); the communication of emotional, cultural or historical content and the pre- servation or transmission of cultural heritage (cultural field); a professional function, inducing dance, and communicating emotions and thoughts (personal-social field); creating or strengthening social ties and expressing political views (social field); the expression or construction of (cultural) identity (social- cultural field); inducing a mystical or a religious experience or evoking feelings of solidarity, humanity or philanthropy (philosophical-spiritual field); and the accompaniment of life cycle events and other important events (ritual field). These results illustrate the potent and varied role of Turkish folk music in contemporary Turkish society.

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