Türkiye Bölgelerinde Çeşitlenmiş Uzmanlaşmanın İncelenmesi

Kentsel ve bölgesel dinamikler içinde etkili olan güçler gerek yerelleşme ekonomilerini gerekse kentleşme ekonomilerini farklı koşullarda önemli hale getirmiştir. Çeşitli araştırmacılar, çeşitliliğin ve uzmanlaşmanın kesin karşıtlık olmadığını vurgulamıştır; buna göre bir bölge hem çok sayıda sektör çeşitliliğine sahip olabilir hem de belirli sektörlerde uzmanlaşabilir. Sektörel çeşitlilik gösteren kent/bölgeler birden fazla uzmanlaşmış küme içerebilir ve sektörler arası ilişki nedeniyle sağlıklı bir yapı ortaya çıkarırlar. Önceki çalışmalar ağırlıklı olarak sektörel uzmanlaşma/çeşitlilik ile istihdam artışı ve verimlilik arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, çeşitlenmiş uzmanlaşma kavramı son zamanlarda sektörler arasındaki ilişkiler ve ekonomik şoklara karşı önemli bir yaklaşım olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, karar vericiler genellikle bir veya birkaç uzmanlaşmış sektörden çok çeşitlenmiş uzmanlığı tercih etmektedirler. Bu makalenin amacı, 2009-2014 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin 26 İBBS düzey 2 bölgesinin imalat faaliyetlerindeki uzmanlaşma, çeşitlilik ve çeşitlenmiş uzmanlaşma durumlarını keşfetmektir. Sektörel uzmanlaşma ve çeşitlilik ile bu sektörlerin teknoloji düzeyleri, bölgelerin ekonomik yapısına ilişkin bilgiyi sunarken farklı tipolojileri de ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Ayrıca bölgelerin çeşitlenmiş uzmanlaşma yapısı ile bölgelerin sahip olduğu avantajlar arasında ilişki olup olmadığı dinamik değişim-pay analizi ile incelenmektedir.

Looking for Diversified Specialization in the Regions of Turkey

Different forces within the urban and regional dynamics made significant either localization economies or urbanization economies indifferent circumstances. Several researchers highlighted that diversity and specialization are not exact opposites; a region can be both diversified and specialized. Diversified cities might include several specialized clusters, as diversity might be having a healthy mix of sectoralemployment. Studies mainly look at the relationship between the sectorial specialization/diversification and employment growth andproductivity. From all that, the concept of diversified specialization has recently occurred related to the outcome of relationships betweenthe sectors and against the economic shocks. Furthermore, decision makers generally prefer a diverse specialization rather than just oneor a few. The aim of this paper is to explore the specialization, diversification due to the manufacturing activities and furthermore diversified-specialization pattern of the 26 NUTS 2 regions of Turkey between 2009 and 2014. How the regions specialize and indicate diversification of related industries, and if they point out different patterns regarding technology levels of the industries are the main researchquestions. Moreover, the performance of regions is explored by dynamic shift-share analysis whether there is a relationship between thespecialization/diversification pattern of regions and their advantages.

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