Peyzaj Mimarlığı Tasarım Stüdyosunda Kavramsal Yaklaşımlar ve Esin Kaynakları

Esin kaynakları, tasarım süreci içerisinde fikir gelişimini tetikleyici olarak ve tasarımcıların tasarım problemini yapılandırmalarında önemli bir rol oynarlar. Bu çalışmada tasarım süreci içinde tasarım problemi-esin kaynağı ilişkisinin nasıl kurulduğunun anlaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü, Çevre Tasarım Proje V dersi kapsamında izlenilen süreç, özellikle esin kaynaklarını kullanarak kavramsal yaklaşımların saptandığı erken safhalara odaklanılarak ortaya koyulmuştur.Tasarım problemi çözme süreci ders süreci ile örtüştürülmüş, bu sürece bağlı olarak öğrencilerin ortaya koyduğu kavramsal yaklaşımları ve esin kaynakları incelenmiştir. Böylece aynı alanın farklı esinlenme kaynakları ve kavramsal yaklaşımlarla nasıl farklı ürünlere dönüştüğü yansıtılmıştır. Öğrencilerin dönem sonunda teslim ettikleri konsept paftaları, raporlar ve uygulama projelerine ait görseller çalışmanın materyalini oluşturmuştur. İçerik analizi yöntemiyle ve nitel bir araştırma yaklaşımıyla öğrencilerin yansıttıkları tasarım kavramları ve bunların esin kaynakları belirlenmiş, bunların çözüm alanı-stratejilerinde nasıl farklılaşmalar doğurdukları irdelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak esin kaynaklarının öğrencilerin tasarım süreci başlangıcında yürüttükleri analizlerle doğrudan ilişkili olduğu; esin kaynağı olarak ekolojik, sosyal, kültürel ve fiziksel durumlar/olgulardan yararlanılabileceği, bunların çalışma alanındaki yapıların işlevleri, alanın fiziksel ya da kültürel özelliklerinin işaret ettiği konular aracılığıyla ortaya koyulduğu saptanmıştır. Aynı alana ilişkin farklı kavramların öğrencileri oldukça farklı senaryolara ulaştırdığı; senaryolarda yer alan etkinlikler ve mekanların da bu doğrultuda çeşitlendiği böylece tasarımlarda özgünlüğün sağlandığı görülmüştür.

Conceptual Approaches and Their Inspiration Sources in Landscape Architecture Design Studio

Inspiration sources play important roles in design process as triggers for idea generation and tools for designers in constructing design problem. In this study understanding how the relationship between design problem and inspiration source is being formed is aimed. The process of Environmental Design Studio V in Karadeniz Technical University, Landscape Architecture Department was examined with a focus on early design phases in which conceptual approaches were determined by using inspiration sources. Design problem solving process was integrated into design studio process and the conceptual approaches determined depending on this process and their inspiration sources were examined. By using different inspiration sources and conceptual approaches, how same project site was resulted in different design products was represented. Concept posters, reports and visuals of application projects submitted by students at the end of the term were used as study materials. By using content analysis method and with a qualitative approach, design concepts and their inspiration sources adopted by students were determined, what kind of variations these concepts created in design solutions-strategies was examined. It was revealed that inspiration sources are directly related to analyses conducted at beginning phases of design; students benefit from ecological, social, cultural and/or physical situations/features, and these sources can be bring forth through functions of building/s located at site, cultural or physical features of the site. Also it was determined that different conceptual approaches to same site directed students to quite varied design scenarios; the activity patterns and space types included in scenarios were also varied in parallel to these differences, by this way authenticity of designs was achieved.

PDF

___

Bonnardel, N. (2000) “Towards understanding and supporting creativity in design: analogies in a constrained cognitive environment”, Knowledge-Based Systems, Sayı 13, s. 505–513.
Cai, H., Do, E. Y.L ve Zimring, C. M. (2010) “Extended linkography and distance graph in design evaluation: an empirical study of the dual effects of inspiration sources in creative design”, Design Studies, Sayı 31, s. 146–168.
Cardoso, C., Badke-Schaub, P. (2011) “Fixation or Inspiration: Creative Problem Solving in Design”, Journal of Creative Behavior, Sayı 45 (2), s. 77–82.
Casakin, H. P. (2006) “Assessing the use of metaphors in the design process”, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Sayı 33, s. 253–268.
Casakin, H. P. (2011) “Associative thinking as a design strategy and its relation to creativity”, International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED11 15-18 August 2011, Technical University of Denmark.
Casakin, H. P., Goldschmidt, G. (1999) “Expertise and the use of visual analogy: implications for design education”, Design Studies, Sayı 20, s. 153–175.
Coyne, R. (2005) “Wicked problems revisited”, Design Studies, Sayı 26, s. 5–17.
Dorta, T. (2008) “The ideation gab: Hybrid tools, design flow and practice”, Design Studies, Sayı 29(2), s. 121–141.
Düzenli, T. ve Alpak, E. M. (2016) “Peyzaj Mimarlığı Eğitiminde Doğaya Öykünme Yaklaşımının Yaratıcılık Üzerindeki Etkisi”, Mimarlık ve Yaşam Dergisi, Sayı 1(1), s.13–21.
Düzenli, T., Yılmaz, S. ve Alpak, E. M. (2017) “The Effects of Mo del Making on Design and Learning in Landscape Architecture Education”, Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, Sayı 70, s. 121–134
Düzenli, T., Alpak, E., Çiğdem, A. ve Tarakci Eren, E. (2018) “The Effect of Studios on Learning in Design Education”, Journal of History Culture and Art Research, Sayı 7(2), s. 191–204. doi:http://dx.doi. org/10.7596/taksad.v7i2.1392
Eckert, C. ve Stacey, M. (2000) “Sources of inspiration: a language of design”, Design Studies, Sayı 21, s. 523–538.
Eckert, C. ve Stacey, M. (2003) “Adaptation of Sources of Inspiration in Knitwear Design”, Creativity Research Journal, Sayı 15 (4), s. 355–384.
Goel, V. ve Pirolli, P. (1992) “The structure of design problem spaces”, Cognitive Science, Sayı 16(3), s. 395–429.
Goldschmidt, G. (1997) “Capturing indeterminism: Representation in the design problem space”, Design Studies, Sayı 18(4), s. 441–455.
Goldschmidt, G. ve Sever, A.L. (2009) “From text to design solution: Inspiring design Ideas with Texts”, International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED’2009. 24-27 August 2009, Stanford University, Stanford, USA, s.15–26.
Goldschmidt, G. ve Sever, A.L. (2011) “Inspiring design ideas with texts”, Design Studies, Sayı 32, s.139–155.
Gonçalves, M., Cardoso, C. ve Badke-Schaub, P. (2011) “Around you: How designers get inspired”, International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED11, 15-18 August 2011, Technical University of Denmark.
Gonçalves, M., Cardoso, C. ve Badke-Schaub, P. (2014) “What inspires designers? Preferences on inspirational approaches during idea generation”, Design Studies, Sayı 35, s. 29–53.
Harper, G. ve Rayner, J. (2010) “Introduction-Cinema and Landscape”, Ed.ler: G. Harper and J. Rayner, Cinema and Landscape, Bristol: Intellect, s. 13–28.
Hekkert, P. ve Cila, N. (2015) “Handle with care! Why and how designers make use of product metaphors”, Design Studies, Sayı 40, s. 196–217.
Hutchinson, A. ve Tracey, M. W. (2015) “Design ideas, reflection, and professional identity: How graduate students explore the idea generation process”, Instructional Science, Sayı 43, s. 527–544.
Kim, J. ve Ryu, H. (2014) “A design thinking rationality framework: framing and solving design problems in early concept generation”, Human–Computer Interaction, Sayı 29 (5-6), s. 516–553.
Laamanen, T.K. ve Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, P. (2014) “Interview study of professional designers’ ideation approaches”, The Design Journal, Sayı 17 (2), s. 194–217.
Lawson, B. (2004) “Schemata, gambits and precedent: some factors in design expertise”, Design Studies, Sayı 25, s.443–457.
Melles, G., Howard, Z. ve Thompson-Whiteside, S. (2012) “Teaching Design Thinking: Expanding Horizons in Design Education”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Sayı 31, s. 162–166.
Mete, F. (2006) “The creative role of sources of inspiration in clothing design”, International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Sayı 18 (4), s. 278–293.
Mumcu, S. ve Yılmaz, S. (2018) “Examining Sources of Inspiration in the Conceptual Design of Landscape Architecture”, Ed.ler: R. Efe, M. Zencirkiran ve İ. Curebal, Recent Researches in Science and Landscape Management, Newcastle upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, s. 30–43.
Petre, M., Sharp, H. ve Johnson, J. (2006) “Complexity through combination: An account of knitwear design”, Design Studies, Sayı 27(2), s. 183–222.
Schön, D.A. (1988) “Designing: rules, types and worlds”, Design Studies, Sayı 9(3), s. 181–190.
Setchi, R., Bouchard, C. (2010) “In Search of Design Inspiration: A Semantic-Based Approach”, Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, Sayı 10, s. 031006/1–23.
Sommer, R. ve Sommer, B.(2002) A practical Guide to Behavioral Research; Tools and Techniques, New York, Oxford University Press.
Van der Lugt, R. (2003) “How sketching can affect the idea generation process in group meetings”, Design Studies, Sayı 26(2), s. 101–122.
Wolmarans, N. (2016) “Inferential reasoning in design: Relations between material product and specialised disciplinary knowledge”, Design Studies, Sayı 45, s.92-115.
Yılmaz, S., Düzenli, T. ve Çiğdem, A. (2018). “Peyzaj Tasarım Eğitiminde Bir Biçim Arama Yöntemi: Doğadan Esinlenme”, Journal of History Culture and Art Research, Sayı 7(2), s. 376–389. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i2.1427.