STRATEJİK ESNEKLİK VE STRATEJİK DURUŞ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: AFYONKARAHİSAR MERMER ENDÜSTRİSİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

İşletmelerin varlıklarını koruyabilmesi, amaçlarına ulaşabilmesi çevre koşulları ile uyum içinde olmalarına bağlıdır. Günümüzde değişimin sürekliliği ve doğrusal olmayışı uyum için esneklik ihtiyacını öne çıkarmaktadır. İşletmeler çevre ve kaynak analizlerine bağlı olarak Miles ve Snow’un kategorize ettiği gibi tepkici, savunmacı, analizci ya da öncü bir stratejik duruşu tercih edebilirler. Bazı stratejik duruşların diğerlerinden daha değişime açık olduğu ileri sürülmekle birlikte, stratejik esneklik düzeyleri ile stratejik duruşlar arasındaki ilişkinin açığa çıkarılması stratejik esnekliği olan işletmelerin hangi stratejik duruşlara yönelebildiğini ya da tersine belirli stratejik duruşları tercih eden işletmelerin esneklik düzeylerini etkileyip etkilemediğini görmeyi sağlayabilecektir. Çalışmada işletmelerin stratejik duruşlarına ilişkin kararlarında stratejik esnekliğin etkili olduğu varsayılmıştır. Bu çerçevede stratejik esneklik, stratejiye yön veren işletmeye özgü bir yetenek olarak ele alınmıştır. Stratejik esneklik yeteneği ile stratejik duruş arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için Afyonkarahisar’da faaliyette bulunan, ihracat yapan mermer işletmelerinde bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, işletmelerin stratejik esneklik yetenekleri ile stratejik duruşları arasında pozitif yönlü, anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY AND STRATEGIC POSTURE: A RESEARCH IN AFYONKARAHİSAR MARBLE INDUSTRY

The ability of businesses to protect their entities depends on their compliance with environmental conditions. Nowaday, the continuity and non-linearity of change refer to flexibility for adaptation. Businesses may prefer a reactive, defensive, analyst or pioneering strategic stance depending on the environment and resource analysis as categorized by Miles and Snow. Although some strategic postures are suggested to be more prone to change than others, the exposure of the relationship between strategic levels of flexibility and strategic posture may provide insight into which strategic posture can influence, strategic flexibility or, conversely, affect the flexibility levels of businesses that prefer specific strategic postures In this study, it is assumed that strategic flexibility is effective on decision about the strategic stance of the enterprises. Strategic flexibility in this framework has been considered as an operational-specific skill that guides the strategy. In order to reveal the relationship between strategic flexibility ability and strategic posture, a survey make investigation on marble firms operate in Afyonkarahisar and export to several countries. The findings of the study show that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the strategic flexibility capabilities of enterprises and their strategic posture.

PDF

___

Abernethy, M. A., ve Lillis, A. M. (1995), The İmpact Of Manufacturing Flexibility On Management Control System Design. Accounting, Organizations And Society”, 20(4), 241-258.
Ammar, O., ve Chereau, P. (2018). Business Model İnnovation From The Strategic Posture Perspective: An Exploration İn Manufacturing Smes. European Business Review, 30(1), 38-65.
Ansoff, H. I. (1991). Critique Of Henry Mintzberg's The Design School: Reconsidering The Basic Premises Of Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal, 12(6), 449-461.
Badrinarayanan, V., ve West, V. L. (2010),Technology Adoption İn Smes: A Strategic Posture Matrix And A Research Agenda. Journal Of Business ve Entrepreneurship, 22(1), 55.
Bakhsh, G. R., ve Kanani,G Y., (2018).The Study of Strategic Flexibility Effect on Knowledge International Review Of Management And Marketing, 8(2), 131-135.
Bracker, J. (1980).The Historical Development of The Strategic Management Concept.Academy of Management Review, 5(2), 219-224.
Brozovic, D. (2018). Strategic Flexibility: A Review Of The Literature. International Journal Of Management Reviews. 20(1), 3-31.
Buckley, P,ve Casson, M.,(1998).Analyzing Foreign Market Entry Strategies: Extending The Internalization Approach. Journal Of International Business Studies,29 (3),539-561.
Buckley, P. (2016). Buckley And Casson. In The Palgrave Encyclopedia Of Strategic Management. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Burke, W. W. (2017). Organization Change: Theory And Practice. Sage Publications.
Carpenter, M. A., ve Fredrickson, J. W. (2001).Top Management Teams, Global Strategic Posture, And The Moderating Role Of Uncertainty.Academy Of Management Journal, 44(3), 533-545.
Chandler, A. D. (1990) Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of the industrial Enterprise (Vol. 120). MIT Press.
Conant, J. S., Mokwa, M. P., ve Varadarajan, P. R. (1990).Strategic Types, Distinctive Marketing Competencies And Organizational Performance: A Multiple Measures‐Based Study. Strategic Management Journal, 11(5), 365-383.
Covin, J. G., ve Slevin, D. P. (1991).A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory And Practice, 16(1), 7-26.
Daily, C. M., ve Thompson, S. S. (1994). Ownership Structure, Strategic Posture, And Firm Growth: An Empirical Examination. Family Business Review, 7(3), 237-249.
Desarbo, W. S., Anthony Di Benedetto, C., ve Sinha, I. (2005). Revisiting The Miles and Snow Strategic Framework: Uncovering İnterrelationships Between Strategic Types, Capabilities, Environmental Uncertainty, And Firm Performance. Strategic Management Journal, 26(1), 47-74.
Eryesil, K., Esmen, O., ve Beduk, A. (2015). The Role Of Strategic Flexibility For Achieving Sustainable Competition Advantage And Its Effect On Business Performance. World Academy Of Science, Engineering And Technology, 9(10), 587-593.
Evans, J. S. (1991). Strategic Flexibility For High Technology Manoeuvres: A Conceptual Framework. Journal Of Management Studies, 28(1), 69-89.
Galbraith, C. ve Schendel, D. (1983)..An Empirical Analysis of Strategy Types. Strategic Management Journal, 4(2), 153-173.
Gerwin, D. (1993).Manufacturing Flexibility: A Strategic Perspective. Management science, 39(4), 395-410.
Ghosal, S. (2003). Miles And Snow: Enduring Insights for Managers. Academy Of Management Executive, 17(.4), 109-113
Gimenez, F. A. (1999, June). Miles And Snow’s Strategy Model in the Context of Small Firms. In Proceedings Of The 1999 ICSB Naples Conference, 1-14.
Ginsberg, A. (1984). Operationalizing Organizational Strategy: Toward An İntegrative Framework. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 548-557.
Gosain, S., Malhotra, A., ve El Sawy, O. A. (2004). Coordinating for Flexibility in E-Business Supply Chains. Journal Of Management İnformation Systems, 21(3), 7-45.
Greenley, G. E., ve Oktemgil, M. (1998). A Comparison Of Slack Resources in High And Low Performing British Companies”. Journal Of Management Studies, 35(3), 377-398.
Grewal, R., ve Tansuhaj, P. (2001).Building Organizational Capabilities For Managing Economic Crisis: The Role Of Market Orientation And Strategic Flexibility. Journal Of Marketing, 65(2), 67-80.
Güriş, S.,Ve Astar, M.,(2014), Bilimsel Araştırmalarda İstatistik, Der Yayınları, Ankara.
Hambrick, D. C. (1983). Some Tests Of The Effectiveness And Functional Attributes Of Miles And Snow's Strategic Types. Academy Of Management Journal, 26(1), 5-26.
Hambrick, D. C. (2007). Upper Echelons Theory: An Update. The Academy of Management Review, 32(3),334-343.
Harrigan, K. R. (2017). Strategic Flexibility And Competitive Advantage. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.013.2
Hatten, K. J., James, W. L., ve Meyer, D. G. (2004) The Longevity Of The Performance Effects Of The Miles And Snow Strategic Archetypes: A Ten-Year Perspective İn US Banking. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 5(2-3), 196-215.
Helfat, C. E., ve Martin, J. A. (2015). Dynamic Managerial Capabilities: Review And Assessment Of Managerial İmpact On Strategic Change. Journal Of Management, 41(5), 1281-1312.
Herrmann, P., ve Nadkarni, S. (2014). Managing Strategic Change: The Duality Of CEO Personality. Strategic Management Journal, 35(9), 1318-1342.
Hitt, M. A., Keats, B. W. ve Demarie, S. B. (1998). Navigating in the New Competitive Landscape: Building Strategic Flexibility and Competitive Advantage in the 21st Century. The Academy of Mangement Executive, 12(4), 22-42.
James, W. L., ve Hatten, K. J. (1994). “Evaluating The Performance Effects Of Miles' And Snow's Strategic Archetypes İn Banking, 1983 To 1987”,Journal of Business Research, 31(2-3), 145-154.
Jogaratnam, G., Tse, E. C., ve Olsen, M. D. (1999). Strategic Posture, Environmental Munificence, And Performance: An Empirical Study Of Independent Restaurants. Journal of Hospitality ve Tourism Research, 23(2), 118-138.
Koornhof, C. (2001). Developing A Framework For Flexibility Within Organisations. South African Journal Of Business Management, 32(4), 21-29.
Lei, D., Hitt, M. A., ve Goldhar, J. D. (1996). Advanced Manufacturing Technology: Organizational Design And Strategic Flexibility. Organization Studies, 17(3), 501-523.
Levy, O. (2005). The Influence Of Top Management Team Attention Patterns On Global Strategic Posture Of Firms. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26(7), 797-819.
Li, Y., Li, P. P., Wang, H., ve Ma, Y. (2017). How Do Resource Structuring and Strategic Flexibility Interact to Shape Radical Innovation?. Journal Of Product Innovation Management, 34(4), 471-491.
Lin, C., Tsai, H. L., ve Wu, J. C. (2014). Collaboration Strategy Decision-Making Using The Miles and Snow Typology. Journal of Business Research, 67(9), 1979-1990.
Madison, K., Runyan, R. C., ve Swinney, J. L. (2014). Strategic Posture And Performance: Revealing Differences Between Family And Nonfamily Firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(3), 239- 251.
Magness, V. (2006). Strategic Posture, Financial Performance And Environmental Disclosure: An Empirical Test Of Legitimacy Theory. Accounting, Auditing ve Accountability Journal, 19(4), 540-563.
Martins, T. S., Kato, H. T., Martins, R. D. R. R., ve Da Silva, E. D. (2014). An Analytical Framework For Miles And Snow Typology And Dynamic Capabilities. Revista Ibero-Americana De Estratégia, 13(1), 22.
Mckiernan, P. (2017). Historical Evolution Of Strategic Management, Volumes I And II. Routledge. Miles, R. E., ve Snow, C. C. (1994). Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process. New York, Mc Graw– Hill.
Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C., Meyer, A. D., ve Coleman Jr, H. J. (1978). Organizational Strategy, Structure, And Process. Academy of management review, 3(3), 546-562.
Mintzberg, H.(1978) Patterns in Strategy Formation. Management Science,24(9), 934-948.
Nadkarni, S., ve Narayanan, V. K. (2007). Strategic Schemas, Strategic Flexibility, And Firm Performance: The Moderating Role Of Industry Clockspeed. Strategic Management Journal, 28(3), 243-270.
Nakauchi, M., ve Wiersema, M. F. (2015). Executive Succession And Strategic Change İn Japan. Strategic Management Journal, 36(2), 298-306.
Oosthuizen, H. (1997). An Evaluation Of The Relevance Of The Miles ve Snow Strategic Typology Under Present-Day Conditions Of Major Environmental Uncertainty-The Emperor's New Clothes Or A Paradigm Shift?. South African Journal of Business Management, 28(2), 63-72.
Özkara, B. (1999). Evrimci Ve Devrimci Örgütsel Değişim. AKÜ Yayınları
Parnell, J. A. (2016). A Business Strategy Typology For The New Economy: Reconceptualization And Synthesis. Journal Of Behavioral And Applied Management, 3(3), 1052.
Perez-Freije, J., ve Enkel, E. (2007). Creative Tension İn The İnnovation Process:: How To Support The Right Capabilities. European Management Journal, 25(1), 11-24.
Pittino, D., ve Visintin, F. (2009), Innovaton And Strategic Types Of Family Smes, A Test Of Miles And Snow’s Configurational Model, Journal Of Entreprises Culture, 17(13), 257-295
Poppo, L. (1995). Influence Activities And Strategic Coordination: Two Distinctions Of İnternal And External Markets. Management Science, 41(12), 1845-1859.
Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive Strategy: Techniques For Analyzing Industries And Competition. New York.
Rasche, A. (2007). The Paradoxical Foundation Of Strategic Management. Springer Science ve Business Media.
Roberts, N., ve Stockport, G. J. (2009). Defining Strategic Flexibility. Global Journal Of Flexible Systems Management, 10(1), 27-32.
Roberts, N., ve Stockport, G. J. (2014). Defining Strategic Flexibility. In The Flexible Enterprise, Springer, New Delhi, 37-45
Sanchez, R. (1995). Strategic Flexibility İn Product Competition. Strategic Management Journal, 16(1), 135- 159.
Sanchez, R., ve Mahoney, J. T. (1996). Modularity, Flexibility, And Knowledge Management In Product And Organization Design. Strategic management Journal, 17(S2), 63-76.
Shimizu, K., ve Hitt, M. A. (2004). Strategic Flexibility: Organizational Preparedness To Reverse Ineffective Strategic Decisions. Academy of Management Perspectives, 18(4), 44-59.
Shoham, A., ve Lev, S. (2015). The Miles And Snow Strategic Typology And İts Performance Implications. In Global Perspectives In Marketing For The 21st Century, 214-220, Springer, Cham.
Snow, C. C., ve Hambrick, D. C. (1980). Measuring organizational strategies: Some theoretical and methodological problems. Academy of Management Review, 5(4), 527-538.
Stieglitz, N., Knudsen, T., ve Becker, M. C. (2016). Adaptation And İnertia İn Dynamic Environments. Strategic Management Journal, 37(9), 1854-1864.
Sushil, X. (1997). Flexible Systems Management: An Evolving Paradigm. Systems Research And Behavioral Science, 14(4), 259-275.
Sushil, X. (2015). Strategic Flexibility: An Evolving Paradigm Of Strategic Management, Global Journal Of Flexible Sytems Management 16(2), 113-114.
Takaishi, K., Hasegawa, R. ve Hasegawa, S. (2016). Strategic Flexibility, Organizational Commitment and Innovative Behavior among Foreign Subsidiaries and Domestic Japanese Firms, Journal of Business Economics, 7(4), 549-561.
Worren, N., Moore, K., ve Cardona, P. (2002). Modularity, Strategic Flexibility, And Firm Performance: A Study Of The Home Appliance Industry. Strategic Management Journal, 23(12), 1123-1140.
Wei, Z., Yi, Y., ve Guo, H. (2014). Organizational Learning Ambidexterity, Strategic Flexibility, And New Product Development. Journal Of Product Innovation Management, 31(4), 832-847.
Wu, H. L., Lin, B. W., ve Chen, C. J. (2007). Examining Governance-Innovation Relationship In The High- Tech Industries: Monitoring, Incentive And A Fit With Strategic Posture. International Journal of Technology Management, 39(1-2), 86-104.
Young-Ybarra, C., ve Wiersema, M. (1999). Strategic Flexibility In Information Technology Alliances: The Influence Of Transaction Cost Economics And Social Exchange Theory. Organization science, 10(4), 439-459.
Zhou, K. Z., ve Wu, F. (2010). Technological Capability, Strategic Flexibility, And Product Innovation. Strategic Management Journal, 31(5), 547-561.
Zinn, J. S., Spector, W. D., Weimer, D. L., ve Mukamel, D. B. (2008). Strategic Orientation And Nursing Home Response To Public Reporting Of Quality Measures: An Application Of The Miles And Snow Typology. Health Services Research, 43(2), 598-615.