The enforcement of the principle of non-refoulement in cases mass-influx

Suriyede yaşanan iç karışıklığın ardından uluslararası toplum ve özellikle Türkiye ile diğer bölge ülkeleri bir defa daha kitlesel sığınma sorunu ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Uluslararası göçmen hukukunun temel ilkelerinden biri olan geri göndermeme ilkesi, geri gönderilmeleri halinde; ırkları, dinleri, milliyetleri ya da belirli bir sosyal gruba veya politik düşünceye aidiyetleri nedeniyle yaşam ya da özgürlükleri tehdit altına girecek uluslararası göçmenlerin geri gönderilmelerini yasaklamaktadır. Olağan göç durumlarında tartışmasız bir ilke olan bu ilke, kitlesel sığınma durumunda sui generis bir karaktere sahip olmaktadır. Bu durum geri göndermeme ilkesinin kitlesel sığınma durumlarında kendi bağlamı içerisinde değerlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Alıcı devletin sorumluluklarının yanı sıra, kısa ve uzun dönem ekonomik ve sosyal yükün uluslararası toplum tarafından ne şekilde ve ne ölçüde paylaşılması gerektiği bu prensibe bağlı kalınmasında tartışmasız biçimde başlıca konular olarak kalmaya devam etmektedir. Bu makalenin temel amacı, alıcı devletlere getirdiği yükleri ve uluslararası toplumun sorumluluklarını analiz ederek, kitlesel sığınma durumlarında geri göndermeme ilkesinin etkili biçimde uygulanması için çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir.

Following the civil unrest in Syria, the international community, particularly Turkey and other countries in the Middle East, faced with a mass-influx problem once again. The principle of non-refoulement which is one of the basic principles of international refugee law prevents refoulement of asylum seekers whose life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion in the case of being expelled or returned. This principle, which is undisputable in usual refugee cases, has a sui generis character in mass-influx cases. This requires that the principle of non-refoulement should be assessed in its own context. As well as the responsibilities of the receiving state, how and to what extent short-term and longterm economic and social burdens should be shared by international community unquestionably remains a remarkable issue in enforcement of this principle. The main aim of this article is to develop solutions for the effective enforcement of the principle of non-refoulement in cases mass-influx by analysing burdens of receiving states and responsibilities of the international community.

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