Safkan İngiliz ve Arap Yarış Atlarında Görülen Beta Hemolitik Streptococcus Türlerinin Sitolojik Bulgular Eşliğinde Çeşitli Vücut Bölgelerinden İzolasyonu ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları

Başta beta hemolitik türler olmak üzere streptokoklar atlarda bulaşıcı hastalıklara neden olan ve en sık görülen, en yaygın bakteriyel ajanlardır ve genellikle zor bir seyir izlemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; i) sitolojik bulgularla beraber birincil patojen olarak beta hemolitik streptokokların atlardaki sistem dağılımlarını ii) safkan İngiliz ve Arap yarış atlarında en sık kullanılan antibiyotiklere karşı olan duyarlılıklarını iii) Türkiye' deki atlarda görülen beta hemolitik streptokokların çoklu antibiyotik dirençlilik oranlarını belirlemektir. Çalışmaya Nisan 2014 ile Nisan 2017 arasında Türkiye Jokey Kulübü İstanbul at hastanesi laboratuvarına gelen, beta hemolitik streptokok izole edilen ve sitolojik incelemede nötrofilik inflamasyon varlığı saptanan örnekler alınmıştır. Çalışmada %71.9'u trakeal aspirat sıvısı, %21.9'u endometriyal svap, %5.4'ü abse içeriği ve %0.8'i idrar örneği olmak üzere 128 örnek incelenmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre tüm örneklerden S. zooepidemicus, S. equisimilis ve S. equi sırasıyla %80.4, %14.1, %5.5 oranlarında izole edilmiştir. Antibiyotik duyarlılık test sonuçlarına göre amoksisilin/klavulanik asit (%100), amoksisilin (%100), ampisilin (%100), penisilin (%100), imipenem (%100), ampisilin/sulbaktam (%100), rifamisin (%97.6), seftiofur (%100) ve seftazidim (%87.5) atlardan izole edilen beta hemolitik streptokoklara karşı duyarlı bulunurken, enrofloksasin (%14.8), amikasin (%0,8), gentamisin (%4.7), kanamisin (%0), neomisin (%0), streptomisin (%0), oksitetrasiklin (%7) ve trimetoprim sulfametoksazol (%27.3) çoğunlukla etkisiz bulunmuştur. Çoklu antibiyotik direnç oranı, izole edilen beta hemolitik streptokoklar arasında %1.6 olarak saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki sonuçlar önceki benzer çoğu çalışmaların sonuçlarını tastik etmiş olup, S. zooepidemicus en sık izole edilen beta hemolitik streptokok türü olarak saptanmıştır. S. zooepidemicus'u, S. equisimilis ve S. equi izlemektedir. Şüpheli infeksiyonlarda kültür ve antibiyogram analizleri sonuçlanana kadar penisilin atlarda kullanılabilecek ilk antimikrobiyal olarak düşünülmelidir.

Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus Species from Various Body Site Infections with Cytologic Evidences in Thoroughbred and Arabian Racehorses in Turkey

Streptococcal microorganisms mostly beta hemolytic streptococci are the most important and widespread bacterial agents causing infectious diseases in horses and they often follow a difficult course. The goals of the present study are to determine; i) together with cytologic findings, the system distributions of the beta hemolytic streptococci as a primary pathogen, ii) the susceptibility patterns to the most commonly used antibiotics in thoroughbred and Arabian racing horses iii) the presence of multiple antibiotics resistance of beta hemolytic streptococci encountered in horses. Beta hemolytic streptococci isolated and cytologically neutrophilic inflammation confirmed samples which were submitted to Jockey Club of Turkey horse hospital laboratory between April 2014 - April 2017 were included into the study. The study was conducted on 128 samples including tracheal wash (71.9%), endometrial swabs (21.9%), abscess material (5.4%) and urine sample (0.8%). According to the isolation results, S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (S. equisimilis) and S. equi subsp. equi (S. equi) were isolated from whole samples as 80.4%, 14.1% and 5.5% respectively. Antibiotics susceptibility results demonstrated that amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (100%), amoxicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), penicillin (100%), imipenem (100%), ampicillin/sulbactam (100%), rifampicin (97.6%), ceftiofur (100%) and ceftazidime (87.5%) were found to be effective, while enrofloxacin (14.8%), amikacin (0.8%), gentamicin (4.7%), kanamycin (0%), neomycin (0%), streptomycin (0%), oxytetracycline (7.0%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (27.3%) were found to be mostly uneffective. The multiple antibiotics resistance rate was found to be 1.6% amongst beta hemolytic streptococci isolates in horses. These results of the present study confirmed the results of many similiar previous studies that S. zooepidemicus was the most frequently isolated beta hemolytic Streptococcus species followed by S. equisimilis and S. equi. In suspecious infections where a beta hemolytic streptococcal infection is suspected penicillin should be considered as the first line antimicrobial for horses when results of the samples submitted for bacterial culture and susceptibility test results are pending.

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