ZnO Nanopartiküllerinin Bazı Hayvan ve Bitki Protein Kaynaklarının İn Vitro Gaz Üretimi Üzerine Etkisi

Bu çalışma bazı hayvan ve bitki protein kaynaklarının in vitro gaz üretimi üzerine 0, 30 ve 60 ppm düzeylerinde ZnO ilavesinin etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 ve 72 saat inkübasyolarda gaz üretimi ölçülmüş ve gaz üretim analizi amacıyla 200 mg örnek kullanılmıştır. 72 saat inkübasyon sonrasında bitki kaynaklarından soya fasulyesi yemi (SM) ile hayvan kaynaklarından kanatlı sakatat yeminden (POM) elde edilen en fazla gaz üretimi 200 mg kuru maddede sırasıyla 58.23 ve 28.34 mL olarak belirlendi. İnkübasyon verilerinden elde edilen gıda parametrelerinde, soya fasulyesi yemi için metabolize edilebilir enerji 0, 30 ve 60 ppm ZnO nanopartikül ilavelerinde sırasıyla 8.55, 8.81 ve 7.54 olup en yüksek seviyede ve kanlı yem (BM) için en düşük seviyede olup sırasıyla 2.26, 2.31 ve 2.01 MJ/kg kuru madde (DM) olarak tespit edildi. En yüksek sindirilebilir organik madde (DOM) miktarı, kısa zincirli yağ asitleri (SCFA) ve mikrobiyal protein (MP) SM için belirlenirken en düşük seviyeler BM için tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak; 0, 30 ve 60 ppm düzeylerinde ZnO nanopartiküllerinin kullanımının bazı hayvansal ve bitkisel kaynaklarda in vitro gaz üretimi üzerine etkisinin olmadığı ve inkübasyon süreleri ile besin parametreleri üzerine anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir.

Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on In Vitro Gas Production of Some Animal and Plant Protein Sources

This study was conducted to determine effect of adding ZnO nanoparticles at levels of 0, 30 and 60 ppm on in vitro gas production of some animal and plant protein sources. In this study, gas production at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h incubation were measured and 200 mg of samples were used for gas production analysis. The results showed that after 72 h of incubation, the most volume of gas production in the plant protein sources of soybean meal (SM) and in between the sources of animal protein in poultry offal meal (POM) were respectively 58.23 and 28.34 mL per 200 mg of dry matter was obtained. In related with the parameters of nutrition from incubation data, metabolizable energy (ME), for soybean meal at the levels of zero, 30 and 60 ppm ZnO nanoparticles added to the 8.55, 8.81 and 7.54 were highest and for blood meal (BM) were lowest 2.26, 2.31 and 2.01 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. The highest and the lowest amount of organic matter digestibility (DOM), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and microbial protein (MP) were also for SM and BM. Overall, the results showed that using levels of 0, 30 and 60 ppm of ZnO nanoparticles was no effect on in vitro gas production of some animal and plant protein sources but had no significant effect in some hours of incubation, gas production and nutrition parameters.

PDF

___

Song Y, Leonard SW, Traber MG, Ho E: Zinc deficiency affects DNA damage, oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and DNA repair in rats. J Nutr, 139 (9): 1626-1631, 2009. DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.106369
Croteau MN, Dybowska AD, Luoma SN, Valsami-Jones E: A novel approach reveals that zinc oxide nanoparticles are bioavailable and toxic after dietary exposures. Nanotoxicology, 5(1):79-90, 2011. DOI: 3109/17435390.2010.501914
Eryavuz A, Dehority BA: Effects of supplemental zinc concentration on cellulose digestion and cellulolytic and total bacterial numbers in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 151(175):175-183, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j. anifeedsci.2009.01.008
Salem AZM, Ammar H, Lopez S, Gohar YM, González JS: Sensitivity of ruminal bacteria isolates of sheep, cattle and buffalo to some heavy metals. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 163(2):143-149, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j. anifeedsci.2010.10.017
Bateman HG, Williams CC, Gantt DT, Chung YH, Beem AE, Stanley CC, Goodier GE, Hoyt PG, Ward JD, Bunting LD: Effects of zinc and sodium monensin on ruminal degradation of lysine-HCl and liquid hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid. J Dairy Sci, 87 (8): 2571-2577, 2004. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73382-2
Song W, Zhang J, Guo J, Zhang J, Ding F, Li L, Sun Z: Role of the dissolved zinc ion and reactive oxygen species in cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett, 199 (3): 389-397, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet. 10.003
Hernández-Sierra JF1, Ruiz F, Pena DC, Martínez-Gutiérrez F, Martínez AE, Guillén Ade J, Tapia-Pérez H, Castañón GM: The antimicrobial sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans to nanoparticles of silver, zinc oxide and gold. Nanomedicine, 4(3): 237-240, 2008. DOI: 1016/j.nano.2008.04.005
Hossein-Zadeh A, Samarkand AD, Alikhani FD, Rushanaie AH, Asgar BC: Antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria suspensions of nanoparticles of zinc oxide and Gram-negative. Iran J Health Environ Soc Environ Health, 5 (4): 463-474, 2012.
Lina T, Jianyang J, Fenghua Z, Huiying R, Wenli L: Effect of Nano- Zinc Oxide on the production and dressing performance of broiler. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2009-02. Category Index: S831, 2009.
Menke KH, Steingass H: Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Dev, 28 (1): 7-55, 1988.
Ayaşan T, Ülger İ, Kaliber M, Ergül Ş, Mart D, Türker M: Comparison of in vitro gas production, nutritive value, metabolizable energy and organic matter digestibility of some chickpea varieties. Iran J Appl Anim Sci, 2017 (in press).
Ayaşan T, Ergül Ş, Ülger İ, Kaliber M, Baylan M, MizrakC, Dinçer Mn, Erten He, Barut H, Ezici Aa, Aykanat S, Yaktubay Ş: Determination of the nutritive value of some durum wheat varieties developed using in vitro gas production technique. IV. International Multidisciplinary Eurasian Congress, 22-26 August, Roma, Italy, 2017.
Getachew G, Robinson P, DePeters E, Taylor S: Relationships between chemical composition, dry matter degradation and in vitro gas production of several ruminant feeds. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 111 (11): 57- , 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00217-7
Menke K, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W: The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production technique when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J Agri Sci, Cambridge, 93 (1): 217- , 1979. DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600086305
Makkar HPS, Blümmel M, Becker K: Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in in vitro techniques. Br J Nutr, 73 (6): 897-913, 1995. DOI: 10.1079/BJN19950095
Singh B, Tomar SK, Kundu SS: In-vitro gas production technique for feed evaluation. 1-115, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India Intech Printers & Publishers #.353, Mughal Canal Market, 2010.
AyasanT, Karadagoglu Ö, CilA, Ergul Ş, UlgerI, Cil An, Sahin V, Mendi H: Determination of feeding value of five sunflower lines in Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute using in vitro gas production technique. II. International Iğdır Symposium, 9-11 October, (IGDIRSEMP 2017, Iğdır, Turkey), 2017.
Ayasan T, Cil A, Ergul Ş, Ulger İ, Inci, H, Cil An, Sahin V, Mendi H, Kalebas C: Determination of feeding value of some sunflower varieties with in vitro gas production technique. International Advanced Researches & Engineering Congress, 16-18 November, Osmaniye/Turkey, 2017.
Sevim B, Ayaşan T, Kaliber M, Mizrak C, Ergül Ş, Ülger İ, Aykanat S, Ucak AB: Effect of varieties on potential nutritive value of barley using in vitro methods and gas production technique. 8th International Balkan Animal Science Conference (Balnimalcon 2017), 6-8 September, Prizren, Kosovo, 2017.
Rezaei N, Salamat doust-Nobar R, Maheri Sis N, Salamatazar M, Namvari M, Goli S, Aminipour H: Evaluation effect of some plant extracts on degradability of soybean meal with gas product technique. Ann Biol Res, 2 (4): 224-228, 2011.
Ergül Ş, Ayaşan T, Ülger I, Kaliber M, Barut H, Aykanat S, Ezici AA, Yaktubay Ş, Dinç NN: Determination of the nutritive value of some bread wheat varieties developed in East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute using in vitro gas production technique, ICAFOF Conference, Nevşehir, Turkey, 15-17 May, pp.1142-1142 (Abstract), 2017.
Mirzaei Aghjeh Qheshlagh F, Ghorbani A, Mahdavi A, Navidshad B, Karamati Jabehdar S: Determination of nutritive value of poa trivialis using in vitro methods, gas production and nylon bag. Iran J Appl Anim Sci, (3): 601-606, 2015.
Nezarati S, Maheri Sis N: Effect of methanolic extract of pomegranate peel on in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics of oil seed meals. Iran J Appl Anim Sci, 6 (1): 67-75, 2016.
Çetinkaya N, Erdem F: Effects of different juncus acutus: Maize silage ratios on digestibility and rumen cellulolytic bacteria. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 21 (4): 499-505, 2015. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2014.12767
Zaboli K, Aliarabi H, Bahari AA, Abbasalipourkabir R: Role of dietary nano-zinc oxide on growth performance and blood levels of mineral: A study on in Iranian Angora (Markhoz) goat kids. J Pharm Health Sci, 2 (1): 19-26, 2013.
Wang RL, Lianq JG, Lu L, Zhanq LY, Li SF, Luo XG: Effect of zinc source on performance, zinc status, immune response, and rumen fermentation of lactating cows. Biol Trace Elem Res, 152 (1): 16-24, 2013. DOI: 10.1007/ s12011-012-9585-4
Chen J, Wang W, Wang Z: Effect of nano-zinc oxide supplementation on rumen fermentation in vitro. Chin J Anim Nutr, 23 (8): 1415-1421,
Zabuli K, Aliarabi H: Effect of zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on some rumen parameters Angora goat kids in vitro and in vivo methods. Anim Prod Res, 2 (1): 1-14, 2013 (In Persian).
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC): Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed., USDA, Washington, DC, 2000.
Van Soest PJ: Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd edn., Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA: Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74 (10): 3583-3597, 1991. DOI: 10.3168/jds. S0022-0302(91)78551-2
France J, Dijkstra J, Dhanoa MS, Lopez S, Bannink A: Estimating the extent of degradation of ruminant feeds from a description of their gas production profile observed in vitro:Derivation of models and other mathematical considerations. Brit J Nutr, 83 (2): 143-150, 2000. DOI: 1017/S0007114500000180
Blümmel M, Ørskov ER: Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting feed intake in cattle. J Anim Feed Sci Technol, 40 (2-3): 109-119, 1993. DOI: 10.1016/0377- (93)90150-I
Czerkawski JW: An introduction to rumen studies. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1986.
SAS Institute, 'SAS/STATuser's guide: Statistics. Version 9.1, (SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC), 2001.
Ammar H, Lopez S, Gonz´alez JS: Assessment of the digestibility of some Mediterranean shrubs by in vitro techniques. Anim Feed Sci Technol, (3): 323-331, 2005. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.12.013
Vázquez-Armijo JF, Martínez-Tinajero JJ, López D, Salem AF, Rojo R: In vitro gas production and dry matter degradability of diets consumed by goats with or without copper and zinc supplementation. Biol Trace Elem Res, 144 (1-3): 580-587, 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9113-y
Froetschel MA, Martin AC, Amos HE, Evans JJ: Effects of zinc sulfate concentration and feeding frequency on ruminalprotozoal numbers, fermentation patterns and amino acid passage in steers. J Anim Sci, 68 (9): 2884, 1990. DOI: 10.2527/1990.6892874X
Arelovich HM, Laborde HE, Amela MI, Torrea MB, Martinez MF: Effects of dietary addition of zinc and (or) monensin on performance, rumen fermentation and digesta kinetics in beef cattle. Span J Agric Res, 6 (3): 362-372, 2008. DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2008063-329
Arelovich HM, Owens FN, Horn GW, Vizcarra JA: Effects of supplemental zinc and manganese on ruminal fermentation forage intake, and digestion by cattle fed prairie hay and urea. J Anim Sci, 78 (11): 2979, 2000. DOI: 10.2527/2000.78112972x