Havacılık Sektöründe Güvenlik İklimi Algısı İle Bilgi Teknolojileri Verimliliği Etkileşimi: Uçak Bakım Teknisyenleri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma

Amaç – Bu araştırma işgörenlerin algıladıkları güvenlik iklimi ile bilgi teknolojileri verimliliği arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöntem – Türkiye genelinde çeşitli firmalarda görev yapan uçak bakım teknisyenlerinden tesadüfi örneklem yolu ile elektronik ortamda veriler toplanmış, uygun doldurulmuş olan 228 anket formu analizlere dâhil edilmiştir. Yapısal geçerliliği için örnekleme Doğrulayıcı ve Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizleri uygulanmıştır. Ardından hipotez testi için çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular – Analiz sonuçları; ölçeklerin yapısal geçerliliğinin uygun olduğunu ve uçak bakım teknisyenlerinin algıladıkları güvenlik iklimi düzeyinin (iki boyutu ile birlikte) bilgi teknolojileri verimliliğini anlamlı ve olumlu yönde etkilediğini desteklemektedir. Tartışma – Sonuçlar; iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin sağlanması için çok önemli görülen, destek ve yatırımı hak ettiği düşünülen bir kavram olan çalışanların örgüte ilişkin pozitif güvenlik iklimi algılarının onların bilgi teknolojileri verimliliğini de olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Çünkü bilgi teknolojilerinin örgüt hedefleriyle uyumlu şekilde kullanılabilmesi çalışanların projenin başlangıcından itibaren ve tüm aşamalarına katkısına ve sahiplenmesine bağlıdır. Doğaldır ki işgörenlere atfedilen kıymet örgüte yönelik tutum ve davranışlarını olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Bu yüzden, ortaya koyulan bu ilişkinin özel ve kamu sektöründeki örgüt yönetimlerince dikkate alınmasının uygun olacağı düşünülmektedir.

The Association of Safety Climate Perception and Information Technologies Productivity in Aviation: A Research on Airplane Maintenance Technicians

Purpose – This study aims to ferret the association between perceived safety climate and information technology productivity in aviation sector Design/methodology/approach – The data is collected from aircraft maintenance engineers and technicians working for different companies via random sample method using online survey form. Appropriately filled 228 forms are decided to be ıncluded in the analyses. Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analyses are conducted for the construct validation of the scales. Then, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis is performed to test our hypothesis. Findings – Analyses show that the scales have construct validity and perceived safety climate (with its two dimensions) significantly increases information technology productivity. Discussion – The findings support that safety climate, which is considered as a prominent concept deserves to be advocated and invested in order to establish occupational health and safety environment also increases the level of information technology productivity. Because the use of information technology compliant with the organisational objectives depends on the contribution of, and ownership provided by employees from the onset and during all stages of the project. It seems natural that value ascribed employee develops positive attitudes and behaviours towards organisation. Thus, this mechanism should be taken in the consideration by private and public organisation managements.

___

  • Abri, A.G. ve Mahmoudzadeh, M. (2015). Impact of information technology on productivity and effiency in Iranian manufacturing industries, Journal of Industrial Engineering International, 11(1), 143-157.
  • Alam, M.A. (2016). Techno-stress and productivity: survey evidence from the avia-tion industry, Journal of Air Transport Management, 50, 62-70.
  • Allen, J.A. (2017). Safety climate. Rogelberg, S.E. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, UK, Sage Publication Ltd, 1375-1378.
  • Alpar, R. (2013). Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler, Dördüncü Baskı, Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Anderson, J. ve Gerbing, D. (2004). The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis, Psychometrika, 49(2), 155-173.
  • Arıkan, R. (2004). Araştırma teknikleri ve rapor hazırlama. Ankara: Asil Yayın.
  • Baker, E.W., Al-Gahtani, S. ve Hubona, G.S. (2010). Cultural impacts on acceptance and adoption of information technology in a developing country, Journal of Global Information Management, 18(3), 35-58.
  • Becker, A., Hagenberg, N., Roessner, V., Woerner, W. ve Rothenberger, A. (2004). Evaluation of the self-reported SDQ in a clinical setting: Do self-report tell us more than ratings by adult informants? European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 13(2), 17-24.
  • Blau, P. (1964). Power and exchange in social life, NY, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Brynjolfsson, E. ve Hitt, L. (1996). Paradox lost? Firm-level evidence on the returns to information systems spending, Management Science, 42, 541-558.
  • Brynjolfsson, E. ve Yang, S. (1996). Information technology and productivity: A review of the literatüre, Advances in Computers, 43, 179-214.
  • Bülbül, H. ve Demirer, Ö. (2008). Hizmet kalitesi ölçüm modelleri Servqual ve Serperf’in karşılaştırmalı analizi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20, 181-198.
  • Çetin F. ve Basım H.N. (2012). Örgütsel psikolojik sermaye: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 45(1), 121-137.
  • Casolaro, L. ve Gobbi, G. (2007). Information and productivity changes in the banking industry, Economic Notes by Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, 36(1), 43-76.
  • Choudhry, R.M., Fang, D. ve Lingard, H. (2009). Measuring safety climate of a construction company, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(9), 890-899.
  • Chwelos, P., Ramirez, R., Kraemer, K.L. ve Melville, N.P. (2010). Does technological progress alter the nature of information technology as a production input?, Information Systems Research, 21(2), 392-408.
  • Dangolani, A.K. (2011). The impact of information technology in banking system (a case study in bank Keshavarzi Iran), Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 13-16.
  • Davis, F.D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology, MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.
  • Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P. ve Warshaw, P.R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 1111-1132.
  • De Greef, M. ve Van den Broek, K. (2004). Quality of the working environment and productivity: Research findings and case studies. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Belgium. https://repository.tudelft.nl/view/tno/uuid:aadff316-eacf-4e34-ae31-321a128ef9e6, (Erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2019).
  • Dickson, M.W., Mullins, M.W. ve Deuling, J.K. (2017). Organizational climate, Rogelberg, S.E. (Ed.) The SAGE Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, UK, Sage Publication Ltd., 1080-1083,
  • Dorman, P. (2000). The economics of safety, health, and well-being at work: An overview, international labour organisation, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/publication/wcms_110382.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2019).
  • Eroğlu, A. (2010). Çok değişkenli istatistik tekniklerin varsayımları, Kalaycı, Ş. (Ed.), SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Ankara, Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
  • Gammon, T., Lee, W.J. ve Intwari, I. (2019). What occupational injury costs and workers' compensation tell us about electrical injuries and the need to invest in electrically safer workplaces, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8674539, (Erişim tarihi : 28 Mayıs 2019)
  • Geldart, S. (2014). Health and safety in today’s manufacturing industry, Comprehensive Materials Processing, 8, 177-197.
  • George, J.M. ve Jones, G.R. (2012). Understanding and managing organizational behaviour, Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley.
  • Gostev, A. (2012). Cyber-threat evolution: The year ahead, Computer Fraud & Security,3, 9-12.
  • Greg, B.R., Chen, Y.N., Grover, V., ve Stewart, K.A. (1992). An application of expectancy theory for assessing user motivation to utilize an expert system, Journal of Management Information Systems, 9, 183-199.
  • Grossman, R., Friedman, S.B. ve Kalra, S. (2017). Teamwork process and emergent states, Salas, E., Rico, R., Passmore, J. (Ed.), The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Team Working and Collaborative Processes, UK, Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Gust, C. ve Marquez, J. (2004). International comparisons of productivity growth: The role of information technology and regulatory practices, Labour Economics, 11, 33-58.
  • Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. ve Tatham, R.L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. 6th Edition, Upper Saddle River, Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler P.M. (1995). Evaluating model fit, Hoyle R.H. (Ed.), Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 76-99.
  • Hua, J. ve Bapna, S. (2013). The economic impact of cyber terrorism, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 22, 175-186.
  • Johannessen, J.A. (1994). Information technology and innovation: Identifying critical innovation factors, Information Management & Computer Security, 2(2), 4-9.
  • Johnson, R.A., ve Wichern, D.W. (2002). Applied multivariate statistical analysis, 5(8), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). Faktör analizi, Kalaycı Ş. (Ed.), SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Ankara, Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
  • Kanter, R.M. (1993). Men and women of the corporation, 2nd Edition, New York, Basic Books.
  • Karadag, E. ve Dumanoglu, S. (2009). The productivity and competency of information technology in upscale hotels: The perception of hotel managers in Turkey, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Managemet, 21(4), 479-490.
  • Kopelman, R.E., Brief, A.P., ve Guzzo, R.A. (1990). The role of climate and culture in productivity, Schneider, B. (Ed.), Organisational climate and culture, 282-318, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
  • Kotrlik, J. W. ve Higgins, C. H. (2001). “Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research appropriate sample size in survey research”, Information technology, learning, and performance journal, 19(1),
  • Lamm, F., Massey, C., ve Perry, M. (2006). Is there a link between workplace health and safety and firm performance and productivity?, New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 32(1), 72-86.
  • Lanoie, P., ve Tavenas, S. (1996). Costs and benefits of preventing workplace accidents: The case of participatory ergonomics, Safety Science, 24(3), 181-196..
  • Laumer, S., ve Eckhardt, A. (2010). Why do people reject technologies? -Towards an understanding of resistance to IT- induced Organizational Change, ICIS 2010 Proceedings, 151.
  • Lazarus, R.S. (1966), Psychological stress and the coping process, New York, McGraw-Hill.
  • Lehto, M.R. ve Buck, J. (2008). Introduction to human factors and ergonomics for engineers, LLC, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Lingard, H.C., Cooke, T. ve Blismas, N. (2009). Group-level safety climate in the Australian construction ındustrty: Within-group homogeneity and between-group differnces in road construction and maintenance, Construction Management and Economics, 27, 419-432.
  • Liu Y. (2003). Developing a scale to measure the interactivity of websites, Journal of Advertising Research, 43(2), 207-217.
  • Marsh, H.W. ve Hocevar, D. (1985). Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept: First-and higher-order factor models and their invariance across groups, Psychological Bulletin, 97, 562-582.
  • Menon, N.M. ve Lee, B. (2000). Cost control and production performance enhancement by IT ınvestment and regulation changes: Evidence from the healthcare ındustry, Decision Support Systems 30(2), 153-169.
  • Mitchell, J.I., Gagné, M., Beaudry, A. ve Dyer, L. (2012). The role of perceived organizational support, distributive justice and motivation in reactions to new information technology, Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 729-738.
  • Mithas, S., Tafti, A.R., Bardhan, I.R. ve Goh, J.M. (2012). Information technology and firm profitability: Mechanisms and empirical evidence, MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 205-224.
  • Morrison, C.J. ve Berndt, E.R. (1991). Assessing the productivity of ınformation technology equipment in the US manufacturing industries, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, 3582.
  • Neal, A., Griffin, M.A. ve Hart, P.M. (2000). The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior, Safety Science, 34, 99-109.
  • Neal, A., West, M.A., ve Patterson, M.G. (2004). Do organizational climate and strategic orientation moderate the relationship between human resource management practices and productivity? (Discussion Paper No. 624), Montréal, Canada, London: Centre for Economic Performance International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
  • Newaz, M.T., Davis, P.R., Jefferies, M. ve Pillay, M. (2018). Developing a safety climate factor model in construction research and practice: A systematic review identifying future directions for research. engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(6), 738-757.
  • Norton, D.P. (1995). Managing benefits from information technology, Information Management & Computer Security, 3(5), 29-35.
  • Oxenburgh, M. ve Marlow, P. (2005). The productivity assessment tool: Computerbased cost benefit analysis model for the economic assessment of occupational health and safety interventions in the workplace, Journal of Safety Research, 36, 209-214.
  • Oz, E. (2005). Information technology productivity: In search of a definite observation, Information & Management, 42(6), 789-798.
  • Özdemir, L., Erdem, H. ve Kalkın, G. (2016). Kamu çalışanlarının güvenlik iklimi algılarının iş tatmini ve iş performansı üzerine etkisi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 7(15), 59-69.
  • Pandit, B., Albert, A., Patil, Y., ve Al-Bayati, A. (2019). Fostering safety communication among construction workers: Role of safety climate and crew-level cohesion, International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health, 16(1), 71.
  • Patterson, M., Warr, P. ve West, M. (2004). Organizational climate and company productivity: The role of employee affect and employee level, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 193-216.
  • Rappaport, J. (1984). Studies in empowerment: Introduction to the issue, Prevention in Human Services, 3, 1-7.
  • Redeker, N.S., Caruso, C.C., Hashmi, S.D., Mullington, J.M., Grandner, M. ve Morgenthaler, T.I. (2019). Workplace interventions to promote sleep health and an alert, healthy workforce, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 15(04), 649-657.
  • Rossignoli, C., Mauro, G. ve Rocco, A. (2016). Introducing and discussing information and technology management for organizational innovation and change, Organizational Innovation and Change, 1-7, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing.
  • Sabharwal, M., Kiel, L.D., ve Hijal-Moghrabi, I. (2019). Best practices in local government wellness programs: The benefits of organizational investment and performance monitoring, Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(1), 24-45.
  • Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H ve Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schneider, B. (1975). Organizational climate: Individual preferences and organizational realities revisited, Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 459-465.
  • Sharma, S. (1996). Applied multivariate techniques, USA, John Willey&Sons Inc.
  • Shearn, P. (2003). Case examples: Business benefits arising from health and safety interventions, health and safety laboratory, 13, http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/hsl_pdf/2003/hsl03-13.pdf, (Erişim tarihi : 28 Mayıs 2019).
  • SHGM Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü. (2018), Faaliyet Raporu, http://web.shgm.gov.tr/documents/sivilhavacilik/files/pdf/kurumsal/faaliyet/2018.pdf, (Erişim tarihi : 30 Temmuz 2019).
  • Steiger, J.H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach, Multivariate Behavioural Research, 25, 173-180.
  • Sullivan, S. (2004). Making the business case for health productivity management, Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine, 46(6), 56-61.
  • Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q. Ragu-Nathan, B.S. ve Ragu-Nathan, T.S. (2007). the impact of technostress on role stress and productivity, Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(1), 307-334.
  • Thomas, K.W. ve Velthouse, B.A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An 'interpretive' model of intrinsic task motivation, Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 666-681.
  • Torkzadeh, G. ve Doll, W.J. (1999). The development of a tool for measuring the perceived impact of information technology on work, Omega J. Manag. Sci., 27(3), 327-339.
  • Türen, U. ve Erdem, H. (2017). Örgütsel adalet algısının işgörenlerin bilgi teknolojileri verimliliği üzerindeki etkisi: Havacılık sektöründe bir araştırma, Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 19, 89-110.
  • Türen, U., Erdem, H. ve Kalkın, G. (2016). İşyerinde tekno-stres ölçeği: Havacılık ve bankacılık sektöründe bir araştırma, Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 6(1), 1-19.
  • Ullman J.B. (2001). Structural equation modeling, Tabachnick, B.G. ve Fidell, L.S. (Eds.), Using Multivariate Statistics, 4th Edition, 653-771, Needham Heights, MA, Allyn&Bacon.
  • Venkatesh, V. (2000). Determinants of perceived ease of use: Integrating control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the technology acceptance model, Information Systems Research, 11(4), 342-365.
  • Vroom, V.H. (1964). Work and Motivation. New York, Wiley.
  • Wang, T., Wang, Y. ve McLeod, A. (2018). Do Health Information Technology Investments Impact Hospital Financial Performance and Productivity?. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 28, 1-13.
  • Xue, Y., Liang, H. ve Wu, L. (2011). Punishment, justice, and compliance in mandatory IT settings, Information Systems Research, 22(2), 400-414.
  • Zhang, R.P. ve Li, R.Y.M. (2015). A conceptual study of construction workers’ safety performance from safety climate and social exchange perspectives, Construction Safety and Waste Management: An Economic Analysis, 123-133, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing.
  • Zhang, R.P., Lingard, H. ve Nevin, S. (2015). Development and validation of a multilevel safety climate measurement tool in the construction industry, Construction Management and Economics, 33(10), 818-839.
  • Zhou, F., ve Jiang, C. (2015). Leader-member exchange and employees’ safety behavior: The moderating effect of safety climate, Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 5014-5021.
  • Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied implications, Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 96-102.
  • Zohar, D. (2000). A group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effect of group climate on microaccidents in manufacturing jobs, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4), 587-596.
  • Zohar, D. (2014). Safety climate: conceptualization, measurement, and improvement, Schneider, B. ve Barbera, K.M. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Climate and Culture, 317-334, New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Zohar, D. ve Luria, G. (2005). A multilevel model of safety climate: Cross-level relationships between organization and group-level climates, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 616-628.
  • Zou, P.X.W. ve Sunindijo, R.Y. (2015). Strategic safety management in construction and engineering, United Kingdom, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.