XI. Yüzyılda Anadolu’da Norman Şeflerinin Faaliyetleri

XI. yüzyılda Anadolu'da Bizans imparatoru II. Basil'in 1025'te ölümünden sonra Bizans askeri,mali ve idari sorunlarıyla gerilemiş; Armenya, Bizans ve Selçuklu ilerleyişi karşısında dağılmış;Selçuklu Türkleri Anadolu içlerine kadar fetih alanlarını genişletmiştir. XI. yüzyılda Anadolu'daki buyeni güç karşısında Bizans, ordusunu güçlendirmek amacıyla Normanları ücretli asker olarakkullanmaya başlamıştır. XI. yüzyılda Hervé Frankopoulos (?-1063), Robert Crispin (?-1073),Raimbaud (?-1074) ve Roussel de Bailleul (?-1078) Bizans ordusunda görev almış önemli Normanşefleridir. Norman lider Hervé, Anadolu’ya geldikten kısa bir süre sonra istediği rütbe ve unvanlarınkendisine verilmemesinden dolayı yönetime karşı isyan etmiştir. Zorlukla bastırılan bu isyanınardından ücretli asker olarak Anadolu’ya gönderilen Norman şef Crispin de ücretini ve istediğiunvanları zamanında alamadığını bahane ederek isyan etmiştir. Malazgirt yenilgisinden sonraAnadolu'daki boşluğu fırsat bilen Ermeni komutan Filaretos'un, VII. Mikhail'e karşı yaptığı isyana budönemde Anadolu’da bulunan Norman lider Raimbaud da ordusuyla katılmıştır. Son olarakMalazgirt Savaşında Diogenes ile birlikte Selçuklulara karşı savaşmış olan Roussel da Bizans'a karşıbüyük bir isyan girişiminde bulunmuştur. Roussel, Doğu Anadolu'da ve Karadeniz'de geniş birbölgeyi kontrol altına aldığı gibi ordusuyla Konstantinopolis önlerine kadar ilerleyerek Bizans'ı zordurumda bırakmıştır. Bizans, Roussel'ın ilerleyişini durdurmak için Selçuklularla ittifak anlaşmasıyapmıştır.

The Activities of Norman Chiefs in Asia Minor at 11th Century

In the XI. century, the Byzantine Empire fell into a decline in Anatolia due to the military, financial and administrative problems after the death of the Byzantine emperor Basileios II in 1025; Armenia fell apart due to the progress of the Byzantine and Seljuq Empire and, The Seljuk Turks expanded their invasion across Anatolia. Against this new power expanding in Anatolia, the Byzantine Empire began to hire Normans as mercenaries in order to empower their military forces. In XI. century, Hervé Frankopoulos, Robert Crispin, Raimbaud and Roussel de Bailleul were notable Norman mercenaries served in the Byzantine army. After a short period of time when he arrived in Anatolia, Norman mercenary commander Hervé Frankopoulos revolted since he was not given the titles and ranks that he sought. Following this hardly suppressed revolt, Norman general Robert Crispin, who was sent to Anatolia for his military service, also revolted on the excuse that he was not paid and not given the titles on time. The Armenian commander Filaretos who took the advantage of the recession in Anatolia following the defeat in Manzikert, revolted against Michael VII and Norman general Raimbaund, who was in service in Anatolia in that time joined the revolt with his army. Lastly, Roussel de Bailleul who fought against the Seljuqs with Diogenes during the battle of Manzikert, attempted to revolt against the Byzantine Empire. Roussel de Bailleul exercised his power over a large area in Eastern Anatolia and the Black Sea, and left the Byzantine in a difficult situation by expanding towards Constantinople with his army. In order to stop his progress, the Byzantine signed alliance agreement with the Seljuks.

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