Tavukçulukta Sıcaklık-Nemin Olumsuz Etkileri ve Alınması Gereken Önlemler

Diğer hayvancılık dallarında olduğu gibi tavuk yetiştiriciliğinde de verimi etkileyen temel faktörden biri genotip diğeri ise çevredir. Tavukçuluk, gelişmiş ülkelerde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de en hızlı gelişen hayvancılık dalı olmuştur. Bu gelişmede, üstün genotipik değere sahip hibrit materyallerin kullanılmasının payı büyüktür. Bugün ülkemizde kullanılan et ve yumurta yönlü yabancı orjinli hibritler, uygun çevre koşullarının sağlandığı ortamlarda hedeflenen verimi verebilmektedir. Çevre koşullarının istenilen düzeyde olmaması, tavukçulukta beklenen verimin gerçekleşmemesine, çevre koşullarında ortaya çıkan olumsuzluğun şiddetine bağlı olarak önemli sayılabilecek ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Tavuk yetiştiriciliğinde üzerinde önemle durulan ve verimi olumsuz yönde etkileyen çevre faktörlerinden birisi sıcaklık diğeri de kümesteki nem düzeyidir. Özellikle yaz aylarında görülen yüksek sıcaklık ve nem nedeniyle sıcaklık stresi meydana gelmektedir. Hayvanda sıcaklık stresiyle meydana gelen fizyolojik ve metabolik değişimleri tamamen ortadan kaldırmak mümkün değildir. Ekonomik kayıpları en aza indirmek için kümeslerde yapısal, yetiştirme teknikleri ve besleme konusunda önlemler alınmalıdır. Bu çalışmada; yüksek çevre sıcaklığı ve nemin tavukların performansı üzerine olumsuz etkileri tartışılmış, verim kayıplarını en aza indirmek, yem tüketimini artırmak, metabolik ısı üretimini azaltmak ve ısı kaybı kapasitesini artırmak için alınacak önlemler; yapısal ve yetiştirme teknikleri açısından irdelenmiştir

Negative ImpactsoftheHighTemperature-Humidityin PoultryandPrecautions

In poultry, like other animal production departments; one of the major factor which is affecting the yield is genotype, the other one is environment. Poultry in Turkey, has been the fastest growing department of livestock same as in developed countries. The use of high genotipic hybrid material has a great importance in this development. Foreign oringinated hybrids for meat and egg typed could give targeted yields at appropriate environmental conditions. The lack of desired level of environment causes unexpected yield realization and importanat economic losses depending on severity of conditions. During summer months high temperature and humidity leads to heat stress in poultry. Physiological and metabolic changes caused by heat stress in animals is not possible to completely eliminate. It will be possible to minimize economic losses by taking precautions in house construction, breeding and feeding methods. In this review; negative effects of high ambient temperature and humidity on poultry performance were discussed, and, minimization of yield losses and metabolic heat production, improving of the feed intake and heat loss capacity; has examined in terms of structural and growing techniques.

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