Effects of calcium salts on chilling tolerance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling roots

Yirmibeş °C de (36 h) çimlendirilen 'Poinsett 76' fidelerinin kökleri yine aynı sıcaklıkta 2 h lik sürelerle kalsiyum sülfat, kalsiyum nitrat, kalsiyum klorit, ve kalsiyum hidroksit ile muamele edilmişlerdir. Kalsiyum tuzları ile muamele edilen kökler distile H2O ile yıkandıktan sonra bir grup kök 2 °C de 72 ve 96 h bekletilirken, diğer grup ise 2 0oC de 72 ve 96 h bekletildikten sonra 24 h oda sıcaklığında bekletilmişlerdir. CaSO4 muamelesini takiben 72h ve 96 h süre ile üşüme stresine maruz bırakıldıktan sonra tekrar 72 h oda sıcaklığında inkübe edilen hıyar fidelerinin kökleri, üşüme stresi altındaki kontrol grubuna göre daha az zararlandığmı daha fazla kök büyümesi ile göstermiştir. CaCl2 ve Ca(NO3)2'nin yüksek konsantrasyonları kök büyümesinde önemli düzeyde yavaşlamaya sebeb olmuştur. CaSO4, üşüme stresi altındaki fide köklerinin iyon akışını (EL) önemli düzeyde azaltmıştır, Denemede kullanılan bütün kalsiyum tuzlarının, 150 mM lık konsantrasyonuna kadar, fide kök hücrelerinde reaksiyon ürünü olarak meydana gelen malondialdehyde (MDA) miktarını azaltığı belirlenmiştir. Fakat, CaSO4'ın 150 mM düzeyinde, 72-h üşüme stresinden sonra oda sıcaklığında tutulan fide köklerinin EL ve MDA değerleri, diğer uygulamalar ile karşılaştırıldığında en düşük seviyede bulunmuştur. Üşüme stresi altındaki fide köklerinin süperokside dismutaz ve katalaz aktiviteleri, kontrol grubuna göre azalmıştır. Üşüme stresi altında peroksidaz ve glutatiyon redüktaz enzim aktiviteleri artmış ve genellikle kalsiyum tuzlarının bulunduğu ortamlarda, enzim aktiviteleri control grubuna göre azalmıştır.

Hıyar (Cucumis sativus L.) fide köklerinin üşüme toleransı üzerine kalsiyum tuzlarının etkileri

Cucumber seeds cv Toinsett 76' germinated at 25 °C for 36 h were treated with calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, and calcium hydroxide for 2 hours at 25 °C. After incubation, treated seedlings were rinsed with distilled H2O and chilled at 2 °C for 72 or 96 hours with or without 24 h re-warming. Roots of CaSO4-treated cucumber seedlings exhibited less chilling injury at all concentrations, when exposed to 72h and 96 h chilling periods with a 72 h re-warming period as shown by greater root growth compared to the chilled control. Higher concentrations of CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2 resulted in significant root growth inhibition. Electrolyte leakage (EL) was significantly reduced by CaSO4 up to 150 mM under chilling conditions and all calcium salt treatments reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in seedling roots up to 150 mM. However, at 150 mM CaSO4 both EL and MDA values of 72-h chilled or re-warmed roots were at their lowest level compared to other treatments. Both superoxide dismutase and catalase activity of seedling roots decreased under chilling conditions compared to the non-chilled control, although the reduction was less in the presence of CaSO4. Peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities increased under chilling conditions and were generally reduced in the presence of calcium salts compared to the chilling control.

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