Yeni Kamu Yönetimi ve Yeni Sosyal Hareketler Teoriler Perspektifinden Türkiye’de Eğitim Yönetişimi

Yeni Kamu Yönetimi (NPM) ve Yeni Toplumsal Hareket (NSM) teorileri 1980'lerin sosyo-politik koşullarına tepki olarak ortaya çıktı. Türkiye'de de dönemin sosyo-politik ve sosyo-ekonomik dönüşümleri anlamak için, NPM ve NSM literatürüne birlikte odaklanmak gerekiyor. Daha da önemlisi, NPM ve NSM çağında, eğitimin gelişim sürecini ve önemini, Türkiye'de sosyal sermaye yaratmak için kullanılan bir araç olarak anlamak hayati önem taşımaktadır; bu sebeple bu yazı aşağıdaki soruları yanıtlamayı amaçlamaktadır: Seküler Türkiye'de eğitimde artan dindarlığı açıklamak mümkün mü? NPM, eğitim yönetişiminde fırsat alanlarını nasıl açar? NSM'ler eğitim finansmanına nasıl dahil olurlar? NSM'ler eğitim yönetişimini nasıl yeniden tanımladı? Bu makale, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşundan bu yana eğitimin tüm hükümetler için önemini göstermeye çalışacak ve eğitimin iktidarların ideolojilerini yaygınlaştırmak için bir araç olarak kullandığına değinecektir. Çalışmada ilk olarak 1980'ler ve 2000'ler arasındaki eğitimde gerçekleşen neoliberal dönüşüme ve bu dönüşümde etkili olan NPM ve NSM teorilerine değinilecektir. Çalışma eğitim ile Yeni Kamu Yönetimi ve Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler arasındaki etkileşimi gösterecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Eğitim Yönetişimi, Yeni Kamu Yönetimi, Dini Gruplar, Toplumsal Hareketler, Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler

Educational Governance in Turkey: From the view of New Public Management and New Social Movement Theories

New Public Management (NPM) and New Social Movement (NSM) emerged as a response to socio-political conditions of the 1980s. In order to understand the socio-political and socio-economic transformations in Turkey, it is necessary to focus on NPM and NSM literature together. More importantly, in the age of NPM and NSM it is vital to understand the development process of education, and its importance as a tool which has been used to create social capital in Turkey, since this paper aims to answer the following questions: How is it possible to explain increasing religiosity in education in secular Turkey? How does NPM open up opportunity spaces in the governance of education? How have NSMs become involved in the resourcing of education? How have NSMs redefined educational governance? This paper will attempt to show the importance of education for all governments from the beginning of the Turkish Republic, the Turkish governments used education as a tool for spreading their political ideology. So there have been various implementations from secularist policies to Islamist militarist policies in the Turkish education system. After giving some information about educational policies, which have been shaped around secularism, militarism and Islamism, the second section will show the interaction between education and New Public Management (NPM). This paper will first discuss the neoliberal changes that happened between the 1980s and 2000s, and secondly, will indicate how NPM agendas transformed education from a social service to the private service.

Keywords:

Educational Governance, NPM, Religious Groups, Social Movements,

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