SARS ve MERS aşılarının gizemi, Coronavirus aşısına yeni yaklaşımlar

İnsanlarda ciddi akut solunum yolu sendromuna yol açanyeni tip bir coronavirus olan SARS-CoV-2’nin neden olduğu COVID-19 pandemisi, insanlığı büyük bir endişeye sevketmiş ve tüm dünyada yaşamı önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir.SARS-CoV-2, yerleşik tedavilerin ve aşıların olmaması nedeniyle milyonlarca insana bulaşmış durumdadır. Dünyadaaşı uygulamaları, insanlarda ve hayvanlarda enfeksiyöz hastalıklardan korunma ve kontrolde hem en etkili hem de enekonomik ve umut verici yöntem olarak kabul edilmektedir.SARS-CoV-2’nin genom ve protein yapısının rekor seviyededenilebilecek bir sürede belirlenmiş olması, proflaktik amaçlı inaktive ve attenue viral aşıların yanısıra virus benzeri partikül, alt ünite, RNA, DNA ve vektör aşılarının geliştirilmesineizin vermiştir. Ayrıca bu virusla yakın akraba olan daha önceinsanlarda salgınlara yol açmış SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV ile hayvanlara ait coronavirus enfeksiyonlarından elde edilen deneyimler de bu sürece büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Son coronaviruspandemisi, tüm dünyadaki üniversite ve araştırma enstitülerinin çalışma planlarını değiştirmelerine neden olmuştur. Bukurumlar, hastalığın spesifik bir aşı ile nasıl durdurulabileceğini belirlemek amacıyla yoğun bir çalışma temposuna girmişlerdir. Şu an dünya genelinde ve ülkemizde birçok firma,üniversite ve enstitü SARS-CoV-2’ye karşı etkili aşı geliştirmeprogramını çalışma kapsamlarına almış bulunmaktadırlar.Bu derlemede, coronavirus aşılarıyla ilgili daha önceki deneyimler, dünya üzerinde yürütülmekte olan SARS-CoV-2 aşıgelişimine yönelik mevcut yaklaşımlar, kullanılan yöntem vestratejiler ile aşı adayları gözden geçirilmiştir.

The mysterious of SARS and MERS vaccines, new approaches to a Coronavirus vaccine

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans, has caused great concern to humanity and significantly affected life all over the world. SARS-CoV-2 has been transmitted to millions of people due to the lack of established treatments and vaccines. Vaccination applications in the world are regarded as both the most effective and the most economical and promising method in the protection and control of infectious diseases in humans and animals. The determination of the genome and protein structure of SARS-CoV-2 in a record-breaking time allowed the development of prophylactic virus-like particle, subunit, RNA, DNA and vector vaccines as well as inactivated or attenuated viral vaccines. In addition, the experiences obtained from SARSCoV, MERS-CoV which are closely related to this virus, and animal coronavirus infections, have previously caused epidemics in humans, and contributed greatly to this process. The latest coronavirus pandemic has caused universities and research institutes around the world to change their work plans. These institutions have entered into a busy schedule to determine how the disease can be stopped with a specific vaccine. Currently, many companies, universities and institutes around the world and in our country have included an effective vaccine development program against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, previous experiences with coronavirus vaccines and current approaches to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development, methods and strategies carried out around the world and vaccine candidates are reviewed.

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