Hayvanlarda SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu

Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde 2019 yılı Aralık ayında insanlarda solunum yolu hastalığı oluşturan yeni bir enfeksiyon tespit edilmiştir. Tüm dünyaya yayılan bu hastalığa yol açan yeni coronavirus (COVID-19) SARS-CoV-2 olarak adlandırılmıştır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün 2020 yılı Mart ayında küresel acil durum ilan etmesinden sonra hastalık büyük bir hızla yayılmış ve Eylül ayının sonlarına kadar 32,7 milyon insan vakası ve 991.000 ölüm bildirilmiştir. Bugüne kadarki çalışmalar hayvanların bu enfeksiyonun doğal döngüsünde rezervuar ve/veya hedef konakçı olma ihtimalleri üzerinde durmaktadır. Yarasaların hastalığın başlangıcında olası bir genetik kaynak olabileceği öne sürülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, hastalığın insanlara bulaşmasında rol oynayabilecek olası ara konakçı türleri hala kesinlik kazanmış değildir. Ayrıca bu kadar yüksek bulaşma hızına sahip bir virus için mutasyon olasılıkları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, konakçı spektrumunun artması veya tür bariyerinin aşılması da sıkça karşılaşılabilecek bir durumdur. Doğal olarak SARS-CoV-2 salgınında hayvanların epidemiyolojik rolünün sıkı bir şekilde takip edilmesi gerekir. Artan hastalık oranlarına paralel olarak COVID-19 enfeksiyonu hakkında edinilen bilgiler de hızla güncellenmektedir. Bu makalede, hayvan ve insan sağlığını etkileyen COVID-19 vakaları arasındaki olası etkileşimlerin değerlendirilmesi yapılmış, ayrıca enfeksiyonun değişik hayvan türleri ve deney hayvanlarındaki etkileşimleri incelenmiştir.

Animal species in SARS-CoV-2 infection

In December 2019, a new respiratory illness was identifiedin human in Wuhan and has spread across the world. Causative agent of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreaksoon named as SARS-CoV-2. After World Health Organizationhas declared global emergency in March 2020, the diseasehas raised dramatically and over 32.7 million COVID-19 infected cases with 991 000 deaths has been reported until lateSeptember 2020. The role of animals either as reservoir ortarget host has been intensively discussed. It has been suggested that bats may be a possible genetic source in the onset of the disease. However, the determination of the possibleintermediate host that may have a role in the transmissionof the disease to humans is still exactly unclear. In addition,considering the mutation possibilities for the virus with sucha high transmission rate, an increase in the host range or surpassing the interspecies barrier is also a situation that can beencountered. Though epidemiologic role of animals in SARSCoV-2 outbreak must be monitored intensely. In parallel withthe increasing disease rates, the information gained on COVID-19 infection is updated rapidly as well. In this review article, prospecting possible interactions between animals andCOVID-19 outbreaks which highly affected human health isaimed.

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