SARS-CoV-2 orijini, coronavirusların tarihi, bugünü ve gelecek durumu

Coronavirüsler (CoVs), 2002 yılına kadar insanlarda genellikle soğuk algınlığı ve bazen de zatürre semptomlarına neden olmuşlardır. Ancak 2002 yılından sonra Şiddetli Akut Solunum Yolu Sendromu (SARS) ve Orta Doğu Solunum Yolu Sendromu (MERS) gibi yüksek mortaliteli enfeksiyonlar ile ilişkili yüksek virülentli CoV'ler ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır ve son olarak Aralık 2019'da ise Çin'de zatürre semptomları ile karakterize yeni bir hastalığın (COVID-19) ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuşlardır. COVID-19, kısa sürede yayılarak tüm dünyayı etkilemiş ve tüm dikkatleri üzerine çekmiştir. Salgının kontrol altına alnması amacıyla sıkı karantina önlemlerinin yanısıra kişisel hijyen ve sosyal mesafenin korunması ve kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı ana kural olarak benimsenmiştir. Ayrıca hızlı test kitleri, aşı ve antiviral ilaç çalışmaları hız kazanmıştır. COVID-19 pandemisinin ne zaman biteceği belirsizliğini korumakla beraber, pandemiden elde edilen kazanımlar bir bütün olarak düşünüldüğünde; kazanılan deneyimlerin hastalığın insidansını azalttığı ve belki de pandeminin sona ermesine yardımcı olacağı ve gelecekte olası hafif veya ciddi salgınların kontrolü üzerinde büyük bir etkiye sahip olacağı açıktır. Ayrıca, hayvan orijinli CoV’ların tekrarlayan periyotlarla insanlarda ortaya çıkması ve büyük salgınlara yol açması, veteriner ve beşeri hekimliğin birlikte hareket etmesi bağlamında TEK SAĞLIK konseptinin önemini bir kez daha ortaya koymuştur. Bu derlemenin amacı, tüm dünyanın artık farkında olduğu koronavirüslerin kökeni ve tarihini aktarmanın yanı sıra, CoV'ların mevcut durumunu aydınlatmak ve bir sonraki olası CoVs salgını veya pandemisine hazır olmak amacıyla, CoV'ların gelecekteki olası etkilerini değerlendirmektir.

The origin of SARS-CoV-2, history, present and future status of coronaviruses

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have generally progressed with common coldand sometimes pneumonia in humans until 2002. However, highly virulent CoVs associated with high mortality infections such asSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East RespiratorySyndrome have began to emerge after 2002 and finally caused theemergence of a new disease (COVID-19) characterized by pneumonia symptoms in China in December 2019. COVID-19, transmitted ina short time, has affected to whole world and attracted all the attention. Besides strict quarantine measures, personal hygiene, protection of social distancing and use of personal protective equipmenthave been adopted as the main rule. Also, rapid test kits, vaccine andantiviral drug studies have accelerated fully. Although it remainsuncertain when COVID-19 pandemic will end, when gains fromthe pandemic are considered as a whole; it is clear that experiences gained from pandemic reduce the incidence and perhaps wouldhelp to end of the pandemic and will have a great effect on the control of possible mild or serious epidemics in the future. In addition,emergence of animal origin CoVs causing repetitive epidemics orpandemics in humans has once again demonstrated the importanceof the ONE HEALTH concept in collaboration betwen veterinary andhuman medicine. The purpose of this review is to convey the originand history of coronaviruses, which the whole world is now awareof, as well as to enlighten current status of CoVs and evaluate thepossible future effects of CoVs in order to be ready for next possibleepidemic of CoVs

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