SARS CoV-2’nin (COVID-19) biyoinformatik destekli identifikasyonu

Keşfedilen coronavirusların sayısındaki büyük artış ve sekanslanancoronavirus genomları, bu virus ailesi üzerinde genomik ve biyoinformatik analizler yapmak için bize eşi görülmemiş bir fırsat vermiştir. Coronaviruslar, bilinen tüm RNA virusları arasında en büyükgenoma sahip (yaklaşık 30 kb) ailelerden biridir. Virusun çeşitli genleri (ORF1ab, spike, zarf, membran ve nükleokapsid) bulunmaktadır.Ayrıca filogenetik olarak A, B, C ve D alt gruplarından oluşan Betacoronavirus ile birlikte Coronaviridae ailesi dört cinsten oluşmaktadır(Alfacoronavirus, Beta-, Gamma- ve Delta-). Coronavirusların çeşitligen lokusları kullanılarak yapılan moleküler yapısal analizde, 2003SARS coronavirusun atası olan virusla 4x10-4 ile 2x10-2 arasında biroranla her yıl değişim geçirdiğini göstermiştir. Coronaviruslar ayrıca rekombinasyona açık viruslardır. Farklı murine hepatitis viruslar(MHV) arasında, farklı infectious bronchitis viruslar arasında, MHVve bovine coronaviruslar arasında, feline coronavirus (FCoV) tip 1ve canine coronavirus arasında ve insan coronavirusları arasındabu mutasyon tipi bildirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla mutasyonlara ve değişimlere çok açık olan bir organizma olan virusların sürekli değişenetkileşimlerini incelemek ve anlamak için biyoinformatik analizlere ve sonunda çıkan raporlarla virusların tanımlanmalarına ihtiyaçvardır. Bu derlemede, coronavirus biyoinformatiğinin az bilinen amaaraştırmaya muhtaç mevcut ilerlemeleri vurguladık ve gelecektekigelişmeler için potansiyel yolları tartıştık. Çok kullanılan ve mevcutolan teknolojilere genel bir bakış sunulmuş, SARS CoV-2 özelinde biyoinformatiğin viroloji alanına getireceği bazı önemli avantajlar vedezavantajlar özetlenmiştir.

Bioinformatics‐aided identification of SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Current increase in discovery of coronaviruses and their sequenced genomes gave us a unique opportunity to make genomic and bioinformatic analyses of this virus family. Coronaviruses have one of the largest genomes (approx. 30 kb) among known RNA viruses. These viruses have various genes (Open Reading Fream 1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid). Furthermore Coronaviridae family has 4 genera (Alphacoronavirus, Beta-, Delta- and Gamma-) with Betacoronaviruses consisting of 4 subgroups phylogenetically, namely A, B, C and D. 2003 SARS coronavirus is shown to have 4x10-4 ile 2x10-2 difference with its common ancestor annually in a molecular structural analysis using different gene loci of coronaviruses. Coronaviruses are also known to have genetic recombination. This type of genetic interaction is reported among different murine hepatitis viruses (MHV), among different infectious bronchitis viruses, between MHV and bovine coronaviruses, between feline coronavirus type 1 and canine coronavirus and among human coronaviruses. Thus we need reports on characterization of viruses by analyzing bioinformatically to investigate and to understand the ever changing virus interactions which are shaped by mutations and genetic changes. In this review we explained and discussed the current status and potential future possibilities of lesser known but much needed coronavirus bioinformatics. We provided a general perspective of present and frequently used techniques and summarized the main advantages and disadvantages of the use of bioinformatic analyses of SARS CoV-2 for virology field

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