Mahmut OK, Mutlu SEVİNÇ, Tuğçe Manolya BAŞ

Kedilerin Koronavirüs enfeksiyonu

Koronaviruslar (Coronaviruslar; CoV), insan ve hayvan sağlığını tehdit eden önemli patojenler arasındadır. İnsanlarda,bu virüslere bağlı öne çıkan hastalıklar, şiddetli akut solunumsendromu (SARS), Ortadoğu Solunum sendromu (MERS) vegünümüzde tüm dünyada pandemiye sebep olan SARS CoV2 (Covid-19)’dur. Feline enfeksiyöz peritonitis (FİP), evcil vevahşi kedilerde, koronavirusler (FCoVs) tarafından sebepolunan öldürücü bir hastalıktır. FCoV’lerin; feline infeksiyözperitonitis virüs (FIPV) ve feline enterik coronavirus (FECV)olarak bilinen 2 biyolojik tipi vardır. Kedi popülasyonlarının%90’nında FCoV’lere karşı antikor gelişmiş olmasına rağmen FCoV ile enfekte kedilerin sadece %5-10’nunda FİP gelişir. FİP’in patogenezi ile ilgili iki teori ileri sürülmektedir.Teorilerden birisi, kedi popülasyonları içerisinde virülent veavirülent FCoV suşların birlikte bulunduğu hipotezi ve diğeride “in vivo mutasyon hipotezi” dir. Bu hipoteze göre apatojenik FCoV ile enfekte kedilerde, virüs genomunun spontanmutasyona uğramasıdır. Mutasyon sonucu virüs makrofajlarda sürekli replikasyon yeteneği kazanır ve bu durum, FİP’inpatogenezisinde anahtar bir rol oynar. Klinik vakalarda,FİP’in antemortem teşhisi halen güçtür. Efüzyon bulunmayan vakalarda kesin teşhis, postmortem olarak ya da invazivmetodlarla konabilir. Hastalığın tedavisi palyatif tedavi ilesınırlıdır. Ancak son zamanlardaki tedavi protokolleri ile hayatta kalma süresi uzatılabilmektedir. Bu derleme, hastalığınpatogenezi, uygun diagnostik metodlar, güncel protokollerive virüs hakkında multidisipliner bilgi sağlar.

Coronavirus infection in cats

Coronaviruses (Coronaviruses; CoV) are among the important pathogens that threaten human and animal health. In humans, prominent diseases due to these viruses are severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS CoV-2 (Covid-19), which causes pandemics all over the world today. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease in domestic and wild cats caused by coronaviruses (FCoVs). FCoVs; There are 2 biological types known as feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Although 90% of cat populations have antibodies against FCoVs, FIP develops in only 5-10% of cats infected with FCoV. There are two theories about the pathogenesis of FIP. The first of theory is the hypothesis that virulent and avirulent FCoV strains coexist in cat populations, and the second is the "in vivo mutation hypothesis". According to this hypothesis, In cats infected with apatogenic FCoV, the virus genome is spontaneously mutated. As a result of mutation, the virus gains the ability to replicate continuously in macrophages and this situation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of FIP. Clinically, antemortem diagnosis of FIP is still difficult. In cases without effusion, definitive diagnosis can only be made postmortem or invasive methods. Treatment of the disease is limited to palliative therapy. However, current treatment protocols can prolong survival. This review provides multidisciplinary information about the pathogenesis of the disease, diagnostic methods, current protocols and the virus.

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