Bir örgüt formu olarak okul ile özdeşleşmede akademik başarı ve özdisiplinin rolü

Bu çalışma, öğrencilerin okulları ile özdeşleşmeleri ile akademik başarı ve kişilikleri arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Kişilik değişkeni olarak Beş Faktör Kişilik özelliklerinden özdisiplin ele alınmıştır. Özdisiplin kişilik özelliği, itaatkârlık, düzenlilik, disiplin, sorumluluk, başarı yönelimlilik gibi özellikleri bünyesinde barındırmakta, bu özelliklerin yanında öğrenme ve sosyalleşmenin sonucu olmakta ve değerlendirici bir yönü de bulunmaktadır. Araştırmanın diğer değişkeni olan özdeşleşme, bireyin kendi benliğiyle örgütünü tanımlaması arasındaki bilişsel bağ olarak ifade edilmektedir. Okullar değerlendirildiğinde öğrencilerin akademik başarılarının okullar için önemi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, akademik başarısı yüksek ve bireysel hedeflerini gerçekleştirmeye çalışan öğrenciler aynı zamanda okulun hedeflerine de katkıda bulunmaktadır. Akademik başarı seviyesi yüksek ve özdisiplinli öğrencilerin kendilerini okullarıyla tanımlama düzeylerinin yüksek olacağı değerlendirilerek hipotezler geliştirilmiş ve geliştirilen hipotezler 506 üniversite öğrencisinden toplanan veri ile analiz yapılarak test edilmiştir. Veriler anket yöntemi ile toplanmış, bu maksatla özdeşleşme ve özdisiplin ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, öğrencilerin okulda bulundukları süre ile özdisiplinli olmalarının okulları ile özdeşleşmede etkili faktörler olduğuna, ancak akademik başarının etkili bir faktör olmadığına işaret etmektedir.

The role of academic success and conscientiousness on identification with school as an organizational form

This study aims to identify the relationship between students’ organizational identification with their personality and academic success. Conscientiousness, one of the most important five personality traits, has been taken as a personality trait involving submissiveness, orderliness, discipline, responsibility, and achievement orientation. Furthermore, it is a result of learning and socialization while functioning as an evaluator. Considering schools, students’ academic success is an important factor since students who have a high level of academic success try to achieve their personal goals that contribute to schools’ overall goals. Organizational identification as the other variable of the study is defined as a cognitive linking between the definition of the organization and the definition of the self. Considering the students who have high level of academic success and have self-discipline, they would identify themselves with their school. Taking this as the hypothesis of the study, data have been gathered from 506 collage students. Research results showed that individuals’ time spent at school and their conscientiousness were effective while academic success was not effective on their organizational identification.

PDF

___

Ashforth B.E. & Mael, F.A. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 20–39.
Bamber, E.M. & Iyer, V. (2002). Big 5 Auditors’ Professional and Organizational Identification. Auditing; A Journal of Practice & Theory, 21(2), 21-38.
Barker, J.R. & Tompkins, P.K. (1994). Identification in the Self-Managing Organization: Characteristics of Target and Tenure. Human Communication Research, 21, 223-240.
Barrick, M.R. & Mount, M.K. (1991). The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance: A Meta Analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1-26.
Benet-Martinez V. & John, O.P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 729-750.
Bhattacharya, C.B., Rao, H. & Glynn, M.A. (1995). Understanding the Bond of Identification: An Investigation of its Correlates Among art Museum Members, Journal of Marketing, 59, 46-57.
Bidwell, C.E. & Kasarda, J.D. (1980). Conceptualizing and Measuring the Effects of School and Schooling, American Journal of Education, 88(4), 401-430.
Buchanan II, B. (1974). Building Organizational Commitment: The Socialization of Managers in Work Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19(4), 533-546.
Bursalıoğlu, Z. (2002). Okul Yönetiminde Yeni Yapı ve Davranış, Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
Burton B. K. & Near J. P. (1995). Estimating the incidence of wrongdoing and whistle-blowing: Results of a study using randomized response technique, Journal of Business Ethics, 14 (1), 17-30.
Cheney, G. (1983). On the Various and Changing Meanings of Organizational Membership: A Field Study of Organizational Identification. Communication Monographs, 50, 342–362.
Cicero, L. & Pierro, A. (2007). Charismatic Leadership and Organizational Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Employees’ Work-Group Identification, International Journal of Psychology, 42 (5), 297-306.
Costa, P.T. Jr., McCrae, R.R. & Dye, D.A. (1991). Facet scales for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness: A revision of the NEO Personality Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 887-898.
Costa, P.T., & McCrae, R.R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 653–665.
Cüceloğlu, D. (1991). İnsan ve Davranışı, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. Çelık, V. (2000). Okul Kültürü ve Yönetimi (2.Baskı): Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
Çetin, F. (2008). “Kişilerarası İlişkilerde Kendilik Algısı, Kontrol Odağı ve Kişilik Yapısının Çatışma Çözme Yaklaşımları Üzerine Etkileri: Uygulamalı Bir Araştırma”, Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
Dutton, J.E., Dukerich, J.M. & Harquail, C.V. (1994). Organizational Images and Member Identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(2), 239–263.
Edwards, M.R. (2005). Organizational Identification: A Conceptual and Operational Review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 7, 207-230.
Eicholtz, M.M. (2000). “Organizational Identification as a Negotiated Relationship: The Dialectics of Members’ Dialogue.”, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Ohio University, USA.
Eicholtz, M.M. (2001). “Negotiating Organizational Identification.” Paper presented at the Organizational Communication Division of International Communication Association Annual Convention, Washington D.C.
Ertürk, A. (2003). “Örgütsel Kimlik Algısı: Etkileyen Faktörler ve Sonuçları.”, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Gebze İleri Teknoloji Enstitüsü, İzmit.
Friedman, H.S. & Schustack, M.W. (1999). Personality: Classic Theories and Modern Research, Allyn & Bacon, USA,
Gioia, D.A., Schultz, M. & Corley, K.G. (2000). Organizational Identity, Image and Adaptive Instability. Academy of Management Review, 25 (1), 63-82.
Gray, E. K. & Watson, D. (2002). General and Specific Traits of Personality and Their Relation to Sleep and Academic Performance. Journal of Personality, 70(2), 177-206.
Hall, D.T. & Schneider, B. (1972). Correlates of Organizational Identification as a Function of Career Pattern an Organizational Type. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, 340-350.
Hall, D.T., Schneider, B. & Nygren, H.T. (1970). Personal Factors in Organizational Identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15, 176-190.
Hortaçsu, N. (2007). Ben Biz Siz Hepimiz:Toplumsal Kimlik ve Gruplararası İlişkiler, Ankara. İmge Kitabevi.
İşçan, Ö.F. (2006). Dönüştürücü/Etkileşimci Liderlik Algısı ve Örgütsel Özdeşleşme İişkisinde Bireysel Farklılıkların Rolü. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 11, 160-177.
Judge, T.A. & Cable, D.M. (1997). Applicant Personality, Organizational Culture and Organizational Attraction. Personnel Psychology, 50, 359-394.
Judge, T.A., Martocchio J.J. & Thoresen, C.J. (1997). Five Factor Model of Personality and Employee Absence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82 (5), 745-755.
Knippenberg, D.V. & Schie, E.C.M. (2000). Foci and Correlates of Organizational Identification. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73, 137-147.
Köknel, Ö. 1997. Kaygıdan Mutluluğa Kişilik, İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar Yayınevi. Lee, S.M. (1971). An Empirical Analysis of Organizational Identification. The Academy of Management Journal, 14(2), 213–226.
Leithwood, K. & Jantzi, D. (1999). Transformational School Leadership Effects: A Replication. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 10(4) ,451-479.
Liebert, M.L. & Spiegler, M.D. (1990). Personality Strategies and Issues, California: Brooks/Cole Pub. Co.
Mael, F.A. (1988). “Organizational Identification: Construct Redefinition and a Field Application with Organizational Alumni.” Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Wayne State University, Detroit.
Mael, F.A. & Ashforth, B.E. (1992). Alumni and Their Alma Mater: A Partial Test of the Reformulated Model of Organizational Identification. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 13(2), 103-123.
Mael, F.A. & Ashforth, B.E. 1995. Loyal From Day One: Biodata, Organizational Identification, and Turnover Among Newcomers. Personnel Psychology, 48, 309–333.
March G.J. & Simon, H.A. (1975). Örgütler. (Çev: Ö. BOZKURT & O. ONARAN, TODAİE Yayınları, Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası.
Mc Adams, D.P. (1997). A Conceptual History of Personality Psychology. In R.Hogan vd (eds.), Handbook of Personality Psychology (pp.3-39), San Diego, CA:Academic Press.
Meydan C.H., Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi AMOS Uygulamaları, Ankara: Detay.
Miller, V.D., Allen, M., Casey, M.K. & Johnson, J.R. (2000). Reconsidering the Organizational Identification Questionnaire. Management Communication Quarterly, 13 (4), 626–658.
Pepermans, R., Vloeberghs, D. & Perkisas, B. (2003). High Potential Identification Policies: An Empirical Study Among Belgian Companies. Journal of Management Development, 22 (8), 660-678.
Polat, M. (2010). “Örgütsel Özdeşleşmenin Öncülleri ve Ardılları Üzerine Bir Saha Çalışması.” Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.
Schneider, B., Hall, D.T. & Nygren, H.T. (1971). Self Image and Job Characteristics as Correlates of Changing Organisational Identification. Human Relations, 24, 397–416.
Slavin, R. (1987). A Theory of School and Classroom Organization. Educational Psychologist, 22(2), 89-109.
Smidts, A., Pruyn, A.H. & Riel, C.B.M. (2001). The Impact of Employee Communication and Perceived External Prestige on Organizational Identification. Academy of Management Journal, 49(5), 1051-1062.
Sümer, N., Lajunen, T. & Özkan, T. (2005). Big Five Personality Traits as the Distal Predictors of Road Accident Involvement. In G. Underwood (Ed.), Traffic and Transport Psychology (pp. 215-231). UK: Elsevier Ltd.
Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statitics, Boston:Allyn and Bacon.
Taggar, S., Hackett, R. & Saha, S. (1999). Leadership Emergence in Autonomous Work Teams: Antecedents and Outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 52, 899-926.
Tak, B. & Aydemir, B.A. (2004). “Örgütsel Özdeşleşme Üzerine İki Görgül Çalışma”, 12. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresinde Sunulmuş Bildiri, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa.
Tosun, M. (1981). Örgütsel Etkililik, Türkiye ve Ortadoğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü Yayınları Nu:196, Ankara.
Wan-Huggins V.N., Riordan, C.M. & Griffeth, R.W. (1998). The Development and Longitudinal Test of a Model of Organizational Identification. Journal ofApplied Social Psychology, 28 (8), 724-749.
Wiesenfeld, B.M., Raghuram, S. & Garud, R. (1999). Communication Patterns as Determinants of Organizational Identification in a Virtual Organization. Organization Science, 10, 777-790.