MALEZYA’DA İSLAMİ FİNANS VE İSLAMİ BANKACILIK UYGULAMALARI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

İslami finans alanında dünyada lider ülkelerden olan Malezya’da İslamibankaların varlıkları yanı sıra sukuk ve diğer İslami fonlar İslami finansalsistemde önemli bir pay almaktadır. Ülkede, İslami finansal sistemin gelişiminisürekli kılmak adına Şeriat kuralları dikkate alınarak yeni İslami finansalenstrümanların geliştirilmesi konusunda önemli inovasyon çalışmalarıyapılmaktadır. Ülkede İslami bankacılık uygulamalarının başlatıldığı 1983yılından günümüze sektörde önemli ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Günümüzde 65milyar $’ı aşan sermayesi ile İslami bankacılık sektöründe Malezya, model birülke konumundadır. İslami bankacılık sisteminin ortaya çıkışında mudilerdengelen faizsiz hizmet alma talebi önemli bir motivasyon olmuştur. Bankacılıktadual/ikili sistemin uygulandığı ülkede, yerli ve yabancı İslami bankaların yanısıra konvansiyonel bankalar da faaliyette bulunmaktadır. Malezya’da Şeriatkurallarınca uygun görülen Mudaraba, Muşaraka, Murabaha, Selem, Vadîa gibiçok çeşitli İslami kontrat modelleri uygulanmaktadır. Öte yandan, 2002 yılındaŞeriat hükümlerine uygun olarak Sukuk ihracına başlanmıştır. Malezyagünümüzde sukuk ihracı konusunda dünyanın önde gelen ülkeleri arasında yeralmaktadır. Ancak Malezya’da, İslami finans konusunda diğer ülkelere görerekabetçi üstünlüğe karşın, uygulamada bazı güçlükler yaşanmaktadır.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Malezya’da İslami bankacılık ve İslami finansuygulamalarını incelemektir. Malezya’da İslami bankacılık ve İslami finansuygulamaları hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiler verildikten sonra bu ülkede İslamifinansın geliştirilmesine yönelik öne çıkan politika önerileri üzerindedurulacaktır. Çalışma, Malezya’da finansal sistemin yapısı yanında İslamibankacılığın yapısı ve işleyişi, İslami finansal enstrümanlar, sukuk ve tekâfül uygulamaları ile İslami finans sistemin gelişmesine yönelik politika önerileribaşlıklarından oluşmaktadır.

AN INVESTIGATION OF ISLAMIC FINANCE AND ISLAMIC BANKING IN MALAYSIA

After many years of strong growth performance, Islamic banking industry has become an important source of the global financial system. As one of the pioneer countries, Malaysia has been trying to improve its Islamic financial system since 1980’s by diversifying Islamic financial products. In order to have a sustainable development in Islamic finance in Malaysia, Shariah compliant new Islamic financial instruments are produced. Today, as one of the leader countries in Islamic finance Malaysia has a significant share in the Islamic financial system with its Islamic banks’ assets, sukuk and other Islamic funds. By comparison in terms of Islamic financial assets, Malaysia comes just after Saudi Arabia. The emergence of the Islamic banking system in Malaysia was driven by the demand of depositors for interest free services.

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