Homosistein Tayini Amaçlı QCM-Temelli Biyosensör

Yüksek plazma homosistein düzeyleri, kardiyovasküler, serebrovasküler ve peripheral arterial hastalık risklerini arttırabilmektedir.Bunun yanında doğumsal bozukluklar gibi diğer çeşitli patolojiler, Alzheimer hastalığına ve diğer gerilikler, osteoporoz, şeker veböbrek hastalıkları da yüksek homosistein değerlerinin sonucu olabilmektedir. Sunulan araştırma çalışmasının amacı Kuartz KristalMikroterazi (QCM) biosensörü kullanarak Homosisteinin (Hsis) tayinini gerçekleştirmektir. Sıcaklık kontrollü QCM sistemi, yerliolarak tasarlanmış ve üretilmiş bir cihaz olup gümüş elektrodlu kuartz kristal kullanılmıştır. Gümüş elektrod kristal yüzeylerininmodifikasyonu sodium hidroksit, aseton ve methanolün ardışık olarak uygulanarak yapılan yüzey yıkama işlemi ile sağlanmıştır. Dahasonra sisteamin ile kendiliğinden tek tabaka oluşumu ile uzatma kolu/ligand oluşumu gerçekleştirilmesi amacıyla tek tabakanın serbestucuna glutaraldehitin kimyasal olarak bağlanması sağlanarak yeni bir fonksiyonel yüzey elde edilmiştir. Glutaraldehit bağlı yüzeylerehomosisteine özgü ligand olan anti-Homosistein antikoru immobilize edilmiştir. Her modifikasyon basamağı için frekans değerlerinindeğişimi ölçülmüştür. Antikor çözeltisinin seyrelme oranı modifiye yüzeyler kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. En düşük antikorderişimi olan 1/10000 v/v oranı optimize antikor oranı olarak belirlenmiştir. Homosisteinin en düşük tayin sınırı 0.1 µM olarak tespitedilmiştir ve kalibrasyon eğrilerinin doğrusal aralıkları 0.1-2.0 µM ve 10-50 µM olarak bulunmuştur. Belirtilen doğrusal aralıklardaHsis değerleri oldukça yüksek doğrusallık (sırası ile $R^2$=0.9813 and 0.9875) göstermiştir. Bağıl standart sapmanın duyarlılığı % 10’dan küçük hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak homosistein tayininin hem nano hem mikro molar derişim değerlerinde yapılabileceğibulunmuştur. Ek olarak tasarlanan biyosensör istenen kararlılık ve tekrarlanabilirlik göstermiştir. En son olarak Homosistein analizindekullanıma yönelik yeni bir yöntem önerilerek geliştirilmiş ve bu hızlı, ucuz ve daha az ön işlemi olan QCM tekniği ile homosistein tayini başarı ile yapılabilmektedir.

QCM- Based Biosensor for the Detection of Homocysteine

High plasma homocysteine levels can cause an increased risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral arterial diseases.Besides this, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, osteoporosis, diabetes and renal disease due to folate and B-vitamin deficiency,various drugs or pre-existing atherosclerotic diseases may be the result of high homocysteine levels. The presented research workaimedto perform the detection of Homocysteine (Hcy) by using Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) biosensor. The temperaturecontrolled QCM system was a home-made designed and constructed equipment which can use silver electrod quartz crystal. The modification of silver electrod quartz crystals surfaces was achieved by the surface cleaning process with sodium hydroxide, acetoneand methanol in a consecutive manner. Then self-assembled monolayer of cysteamine and chemical coupling of glutaraldehyde (GA)to free end of monolayer was achieved to create the new functional surface in order to complete the formation of spacer arm/ligand.Homocysteine specific recognizing ligand, anti-Homocysteine antibody was immobilized to glutaraldehyde coupled surfaces. Thechange in resonance frequency values were measured for each modification step. The optimization of dilution ratio of the antibodysolution was performed to modified surfaces. The least dilution ratio of antibody, 1/10000 v/v, was determined as optimum antibodyratio. The detection of homocystein was analysed at a detection limit of 0.1 µM and the linear ranges of calibration curves wereestimated as 0.1-2.0 µM and 10-50 µM. Homocysteine values indicated good linearities ($R^2$=0.9813 and 0.9875, respectively). Therelative standart deviation (RSD %) for precision was calculated as less than 10%. In conclusion, it was found that the detection ofhomocysteine can be done both in nano- and micro-molar concentration levels. Additionally, designed biosensor showed desiredstability and reproducibility. Finally, a new method different from the present methods for the use in the analysis of Hcy was proposedand developed which detects homocysteine by designed QCM technique with a rapid, cheeper and less pretreatment processes.Additionally, homocysteine detection was performed in nano- and micro- molar concentration values.

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