Öz There are many factors that affect the student success. According to the results of PISA, the factors affecting student success include the socio-economical background, family structure, the vicinity in which the school is located, reading habits, learning strategies, receiving pre-school education, etc. The aim of this study is to determine whether the socio-economical backgrounds and receiving pre-school education predict the level of reading literacy of the students who took part in PISA 2009 in Turkey.This research is a kind of predictive correlational survey model that has been used logistic regression analysis. Accordingly, it was found that the socioeconomical backgrounds and receiving pre-school education for more than one year are significant predictors of the students’ levels of proficiency