FERAH SAYIM ÖZKAN, N. Ülkü KARABAY, Necip TOSUN

Chromosomal aberration in the offspring of rats treated with malathion

Malathion, omurgalılar için oldukça toksik bir pestisit sınıfı olan organik fosforlu insektişiflerdendir. Memelilerle yapılan in vivo ve in vitro çalışmalar malathionun kromozomal sapmaları indûklediğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada, kronik olarak malathiona maruz bırakılmış dişi Wistar albino sıçanların 8 haftalık yavruları, kromozomal sapmalar bakımından incelendi. Malathion preparatı; 500 ve 1000 $mu$ l/l'lik iki ayrı dozda uygulandı. Kontrol grubu sıçanları pelet formundaki normal besinle beslendi. Uygulama gruplarının dişi ve erkek sıçanları eşleştirilmeden bir ay önce, haftada 6 ardışık gün boyunca malathionla kombine edilmiş laboratuvar yemi ile beslendi. Eşleşmeden sonra tüm dişilere hamilelik sûresinde ve sütle besleme döneminin sonuna kadar malathion uygulandı. Uygulama sonunda, tüm yavrular servikal dislokasyonla öldürüldü ve karaciğer, böbrek, beyin, kalp ve akciğer gibi organlar çıkarılarak, temizlendi ve tartıldı. Malathionun genotoksik etkileri, sıçan kemik iliği sitogenetik yöntemiyle değerlendirildi. Malathion ile muamelenin bir sonucu olarak, karaciğer/vücut ağırlığı oranının artmış olduğu görüldü. Malathion uygulanan sıçanların yavrularında; kromozom yapışması, kromatid ayrışması,aneuploidi,halter sekilli poliploid nukleus vedejenere nukleus gibi kromozomal sapmalar gözlendi.Sonuc olarak,malathionun sıcanlar üzerinde bazı genetoksik etkiler sahip oldugu saptandı.Bunun yanında,kromozomal sapmalrın frekansının doza baglı olarak arttıgı belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

kromozom hataları, dölüt, genetik toksisite, malatyon, sıçan, organofosforlu böcek öldürücüler

Malathion ile beslenmiş sıçanların döllerindeki kromozamal anomaliler

Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide, one of a class of pesticides that are highly toxic to vertebrates. Mammalian in vivo and in vitro studies of malathion show a pattern of induction of chromosome damage. In this study, offspring aged 8 weeks from female Wistar albino rats treated chronically with malathion were examined for chromosomal aberrations. The commercial grade of malathion was applied at two doses, 500 and 1000 $mu$ l/l. The rats of the control group was fed with a normal diet in pelleted form. Both male and female rats of treated groups had been fed with laboratory chow combined malathion during one month as 6 consecutive day per week before mating. After mating, all females were treated with malathion during pregnancy and until the end of the breast-feeding period. At the end of the treatment, all offspring were killed by cervical dislocation and the organs such as liver, kidney, brain, heart, and lung were excised, cleaned and weighed. The genotoxic effects of malathion were evaluated by the rat bone marrow cytogenetic assay. It was showed that the liver/body weight ratio increased as a result of malathion exposure. In offspring of rats treated with malathion; chromosomal aberrations such as stickiness of chromosome, chromatide seperation, aneuploidy, dumbbell-shaped polyploid nuclei, lobbed nuclei, and degenerated nuclei were observed. In conclusion, it is suggested that malathion has some genotoxic effects in rats. Besides, it was observed that frequency of chromosomal aberration increased as dose-dependent.

Keywords:

chromosome aberrations, fetus, genotoxicity, malathion, rats, organophosphorus insecticides,

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