The State of International Migrant Children in Turkey: The Case of Van

Türkiye coğrafi konumu nedeniyle hem farklı göç türlerinin güzergahı üzerinde bulunmakta hem defarklı göçmen kitlelerini barındırmaktadır. Bu göçmen kitleleri içerisinde ciddi sayıda çocuk göçmenlerde bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, Türkiyede bulunan çocuk göçmenlerin durumu Türkiyenindoğusunda, Türkiye-İran sınırında bulunan Van örneğinde incelenmiştir. Türkiyedeki çocuk göçmenler,geçici sığınmacı statüsünde aileleriyle beraber uydu kentlerde yaşayanlar (genellikle daha küçükyaşlardakiler) ve refakatsiz olarak göç etmeleri nedeniyle Sosyal Hizmetler ve Çocuk EsirgemeKurumunda korumaya alınmış olanlar (çoğunluğu 14-17 yaş grubunda) olmak üzere iki ana grupta yeralmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Türkiyede bulunan çocuk göçmenlerin büyük bir bölümünüAfganistandaki güvenlik sorunları ve ekonomik şartların giderek kötüleştiği İranda oturma ve eğitimimkanları bulamayan Afganlıların oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Gerek ailesiyle beraber gelenler gerekseyalnız gelen yetişkin göçmenler hem barınma hem de sığınma başvurusu konusunda ilk yardımı genellikle daha önce gelmiş olan göçmenlerden almaktadırlar. Göçmen aileler ve çocuklar için BMMYKliğineya da bir sivil toplum kuruluşuna ulaşma sadece sığınma başvurusuna yönelik yasal işlemlerin başlatılması anlamına gelmemekte, bu yönde yapılan başvurular, öncelikle ülkede bulunmanın ve buradakigüvenliklerinin garanti altına alınması anlamını taşımaktadır.

Türkiye deki Uluslararası Göçmen Çocukların Durumu: Van Örneği

Turkey, due to its geographical position, is on the route of many types of migration and alsoshelters numbers of different migrants. These numerous migrants also include large numbers of children.The aim of this research was to examine the status of migrant children in Turkey, taking as an examplethe province of Van, located in eastern Turkey bordering Iran. Migrant children in Turkey are classifiedinto two main groups, those living in satellite towns together with their family (usually of younger ages)and those (mostly at 14-17 years old) who are protected under the Social Services and Child ProtectionAgency because they have migrated without any companion. The findings reveal that most of the migrantchildren are from Afghanistan and the main reason for their flight was the security problems inAfghanistan and the worsening economic condition in Iran where they could not obtain either a residenceor an education permit. Both those children coming with their families and those unaccompanied take thefirst help on applying for asylum and sheltering from the previous migrants. Applying to the UNHCR orto another Non-Governmental Organization not only serves as a starting point of the asylum procedurebut also these applications in this respect serve to guarantee their presence and safety in this country.

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