Didar SEVİM, Oya KÖSEOĞLU, Uğur ŞUMNULU, Pınar KADİROĞLU, Mehmet ERDAN, Mehmet TOSUN, Aslı YILDIRIM VARDİN

Yenilikçi Zeytin Temizleme Sistemi İle Zeytinyağı Kalitesinin İyileştirilmesi

Ülkemiz, zeytinin anavatanı olarak kabul edilmekte olup, Dünya'nın önemli zeytinyağı üreticilerinden biridir. Zeytin hasadının 3-4 ay gibi kısa zamanda tamamlanma zorunluluğu, artan ağaç sayısı ile birlikte hasatta mekanizasyonu gerekli kılmaktadır. Zeytin hasadında mekanik cihazların kullanımı toplanan üründeki yaprak, filiz ve dal parçalarının miktarının artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Zeytinlerdeki yabancı maddelerin temizlenmesinde kullanılan yaprak ayırma sistemleri genellikle yeni nesil hasat makinelerinin kullanımı sonucu elde edilen ve yoğun yaprak içeren zeytinlerin temizlenmesinde yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu sebeple daha etkin bir temizleme sağlamak için yenilikçi ayıklama/temizleme prototipi geliştirmek; makinelerin etkinliğini, yağ verimini, zeytinyağı kalite ve kompozisyonunu belirlemek gerekmektedir. Geleneksel emme fanlı sistem (GEFS) uygulaması sonrasında elde edilen zeytinyağının toplam fenolik, klorofil ve karotenoid miktarları ile indüksiyon periyodu ve DPPH antioksidan aktivite değerlerinin, yeni nesil üflemeli ve tambur elekli sistem (YNÜTES) uygulaması sonrasında elde edilen zeytinyağlarına göre daha yüksek olduğu, bununla birlikte α-tokoferol miktarının ise daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Her iki uygulamadan elde edilen zeytinyağlarının yağ asidi kompozisyonu değerlerinin benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uçucu bileşenler açısından çalışmamızda GEFS uygulaması sonrasında elde edilen zeytinyağında 13 adet, YNÜTES uygulaması ile elde edilen zeytinyağında ise 6 adet uçucu bileşen olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Duyusal özellikler bakımından her iki uygulamadan elde edilen zeytinyağlarının meyvemsilik, acılık ve yakıcılık şiddetlerinin benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ekstraksiyon sistemi, Zeytin yaprağı, Zeytin temizleme makinası, Zeytinyağı kalitesi, Antioksidan

Improvement of Olive Oil Quality with Innovative Olive Cleaning System

Turkey is considered the homeland of olives and is one of the important olive oil producers of the world. With the increasing number of trees, the necessity to complete olive harvest in a short time, like 3-4 months, makes mechanization necessary. The use of mechanical devices during olive harvest causes an increase in the number of leaves, shoots, and branches in the harvested product. Leaf separation systems used in cleaning non-olive materials in olives are generally inadequate in cleaning olives containing dense leaves obtained due to the use of new generation harvesting machines. For this reason, to develop an innovative sorting/cleaning prototype to provide more efficient cleaning, it is necessary to determine the machine efficiency, oil efficiency, olive oil quality and composition of machines. Total phenolics, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, induction period and DPPH antioxidant activity values of olive oil obtained after traditional suction fan system (TSFS) application were higher than olive oils obtained after new generation blown and drum sieve system (NGBDSS) application. However, the α-tocopherol content of olives was low in the samples obtained by TSFS. The fatty acid composition of olive oils obtained from both applications was similar. Our study determined that there were 13 volatile compounds in the olive oil obtained after applying the TSFS, and there were 6 volatile compounds in the olive oil obtained with the application of NGBDSS. When the sensory properties of olive oils were analyzed, it was found that olive oils obtained from both applications were similar to the fruitiness, bitterness, and pungency of olive oils obtained after applying NGBDSS.

Keywords:

Extraction system, Olive leaf, Olive cleaning machine, Olive oil quality, Antioxidant,

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