Muharrem GÖLÜKCÜ, Orçun ÇINAR, Haluk TOKGÖZ, Fatma UYSAL BAYAR

Hasat Zamanı ve Lokasyona Göre Biberiyenin (Rosmarinus officinalis) Uçucu Yağ Bileşimi

Biberiyenin uçucu yağ içeriği bitkiden elde edilecek ürün kalitesi üzerinde belirleyici rol oynamaktadır. Bitkisel materyallerde uçucu yağ bileşimini etkileyen birçok parametre bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı bitkisel materyalin alındığı lokasyon ve hasat zamanına göre biberiye uçucu yağı bileşiminden meydana gelen değişimi belirlemektir. Çalışma kapsamında değerlendirmeye alınan bitkisel materyaller biberiye üretiminin yaygın olduğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde üç farklı lokasyondan (Karaisalı, Adana; Tarsus, Mersin ve Döşemealtı, Antalya) yıl boyunca aylık olarak temin edilmiştir. Örneklerin uçucu yağ bileşimleri gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometresi/alev iyonizasyon dedektörü (GC-MS/FID) cihazı ile kapiler kolon kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Biberiye uçucu yağının ana bileşenleri 1,8-sineol, kamfor, α-pinen, borneol ve α-terpineol olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları örneklerin uçucu yağ miktar ve bileşimi üzerine lokasyon ve hasat zamanının istatistiksel olarak önemli etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Lokasyon bazında bir değerlendirme yapıldığında Adana ve Mersin örneklerinde uçucu yağ bileşimleri benzerlik göstermiş ve ana bileşen olan 1,8-sineol oranı sırasıyla %52.56-58.26 ve %54.76-61.54 aralığında değişim göstermiş, Antalya lokasyonundan temin edilen örnekte ise kamfor (%16.31-21.11), 1,8-sineol (%15.00-16.95), α-pinen (%14.38-17.88), verbenon (%10.94-13.57) ve borneol (%9.04-12.19) bileşenleri öne çıkmıştır. Hasat zamanına göre de biberiye uçucu yağ bileşimde farklılıklar oluşmuş, ancak lokasyonlar arasındaki farklılığa göre bu değişim daha dar bir aralıkta olmuştur. Sonuç olarak biberiye uçucu yağında lokasyon ve hasat zamanına göre farklılıklar oluşabileceği dikkate alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Rosmarinus officinalis, Uçucu yağ, Hasat zamanı, 1, 8-sineol

Essential Oil Composition of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) with Respect to Location and Harvesting Time

Essential oil composition of rosemary plays a decisive role on product quality. There are many parameters which can influence the herbal plants’ essential oil composition. It was aimed to determine the effect of location and harvesting time on essential oil composition of rosemary. The herbal materials evaluated within the scope of the study were harvested monthly from three different locations (Karaisalı in Adana, Tarsus in Mersin and Döşemealtı in Antalya) throughout the year in the Mediterranean Region, where rosemary production is common in Turkey. Essential oil composition of samples was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionisation dedector (GC-MS/FID) device equipped with capillary column. The main components of rosemary essential oil were determined as 1,8-cineol, camphor, α-pinene, borneol and α-terpineol. Essential oil composition of samples was influenced significantly by their location and harvesting time. The essential oil compositions in the samples obtained from Adana and Mersin were similar and the ratio of 1,8-cineol, which was the main component, varied between 52.56 and 58.26% and between 54.76 and 61.54%, respectively. On the other hand, main components were camphor (16.31-21.11%), 1,8-cineol (15.00-16.95%), α-pinene (14.38-17.88%), verbenone (10.94-13.57%) and borneol (9.04-12.19%) for Antalya location samples’ essential oil. There were also statistically important differences in the composition of rosemary essential oil according to harvesting time, but the range of this variation was narrow in comparison to locations. Results indicated that in essential oil production it should be taken into account that there might be differences in rosemary essential oil composition according to location and harvesting time.

Keywords:

Rosmarinus officinalis, essential oil, harvesting time, 1, 8-cineol,

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