İNSAN TİCARETİ ULUSLARARASI HUKUKUN TANIMSAL ÇIKMAZI İÇERİSİNDE GÖLGELENMEKTE MİDİR?

Bu çalışma tek bir mesele üzerinedir: insan ticareti olgusunu çevreleyen tanımsal çıkmazlık ekseninde, bu kavramın uluslararası hukuktaki tanımı ve kapsamı nedir? Bu soruyu cevaplayabilmek amacıyla, bu çalışma ilk olarak İnsan Ticareti Protokolü’nün tanımını incelemektedir. Daha sonrasında, incelemesini tanımsal çıkmazı sorunsalına uzanan kölelik ve insan ticareti ile insan kaçakçılığı ve insan ticareti arasındaki tanıma yönelik karşılaştırma esaslı tartışması bağlamında sürdürmektedir. Bununla amaç, var olan tanımların açık olup olmadığını, açık değil ise bunun nedeninin bu üç terimin (kölelik, insan kaçakçılığı ve insan ticareti) bir sürecin çeşitli noktaları oldukları (‘zayıf bir şekilde tanımlanmış noktalardan meydana gelen bir süreç’), ya da sebebin mevcut olan ilgili hukuki düzenlemelerin farklı olması ve dolayısıyla bu farklılıkların sanılanın aksine çeşitli yorumlamalardan daha gerçek olup olmadığını tartışmaktır. Bu çalışmada ileri sürüldüğü üzere, tanımlamalar bir çok açıdan önemlidir. Tanımlar yalnızca emniyet güçlerinin mağdurları belirlemelerinde değil, aynı zamanda hukuk sistemlerine de yardımcı olurlar. İnsan ticaretinin global anlamda en çok görülen insan hakları ihlali teşki eden suçlardan birisi olduğu düşünüldüğünde, insan ticaretinin kölelik ya da insan kaçaklığı ile eş değer olup olmadığını anlamak, bu global boyutlu suçu anlamak ve mağdurları korumak açısından önem kazanmaktadır.

DEFINITIONAL QUAGMIRE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW: MAKING A TRAVESTY OF THIS PHENOMENON?

This paper deals with one major question: what is the meaning and scopeof human trafficking under international law, considering the definitionalquagmire surrounding this phenomenon? In order to answer this question,this paper first closely examines the Trafficking Protocol’s definition. Then,it conducts its analysis around the comparison of slavery and trafficking andthe comparison of smuggling and trafficking under international law, whichpertains to the issue of the definitional quagmire. The aim of this paper is toconclude whether existing definitions are unclear, and if so this is becausethese three terms/concepts (slavery, smuggling and trafficking) are variouspoints on one continuum (‘mere point[s] on a poorly defined continuum’), orwhether it happens because the actual laws that relate to each concept aredifferent, and thus the differences are more ‘real’ than just variousconceptual interpretations. This paper posits that definitions do matter inmany contexts. Definitions not only help law enforcement officials recognisevictims, but also help legal systems. As trafficking is one of the most endemichuman rights violations globally, it is crucial to understand whether humantrafficking is equivalent to modern-day slavery and/or migrant smuggling inorder to better understand this global crime and to protect its victims.

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