ÇOCUKLAR İÇİN TUHAF, YABANCI YA DA ERİŞİLMEZ ALGISINI YIKAN SANAT MÜZELERİ

Sanat müzelerinin, toplum inşasında üstelendikleri misyonu ziyadesiyle yerine getirebilmeleri ve varlıklarını sürdürebilmeleri için belirledikleri başat hedeflerinden birisi de ziyaretçileri müzeye çekebilmektir. Peki sayısız sanat eserini bünyesinde barındıran ve görkemli mimarileriyle yetişkin ziyaretçilerin ilgi odağı olan sanat müzeleri, acaba çocuklar için de aynı çekicilikte mi? Sanat müzeleri çoğunlukla, küçük çocukların keşif karakteristiğine izin vermeyecek şekillerde sunulan; sayısız sanat eseri içeren geniş galerilerin ezici mimarisi, yetişkinlere seslenen hatta yetişkin bakış açılarına göre dizayn edilen sanat koleksiyonları, sürekli uyulması gereken kuralları, güvenlik görevlilerinin varlığıyla taçlandırılan sessiz atmosferleri ile çocuklar için hiç de davetkar olmayabilir. Ancak gelişmiş ülkelerde bu gerçeklerin farkında olan, uyguladığı pek çok program ve yeni düzenlemelerle çocuklar için tuhaf, yabancı ya da erişilmez algısını yıkan sanat müzeleri vardır. Örneğin; Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki Los Angeles Sanat Müzesi (Los Angeles County Museum of Art), Joslyn Sanat Müzesi (Joslyn Art Museum) ve Chicago Sanat Enstitüsü Müzesi (Art Institute of Chicago) gibi dünya çapında kabul görmüş müzeler, çocukları sanatla buluşturmayı önceleyen; sanat eserleriyle ve sanatçılar ile etkileşime girmelerini destekleyen “çocuk programları” sunmaktadır. Bu programlar kapsamında sunulan; rehberli turlar, sanat atölye çalışmaları, öykü yazma etkinlikleri, drama etkinlikleri, okul programları, aile programları, sanat kursları, yaz kampları, video blog içerikleri, dokun-yap kurulumları, dijital interaktif uygulamalar, gezici tır müze ve bavul müze gibi hizmetlerle çocuğun eğlenerek, öğrenerek ve pek çok farklı deneyim kazanarak müzeden ayrılması sağlanmaktadır. Türkiye’deki özel kuruluşlar tarafından desteklenen sanat müzelerinde bu tip uygulamalara Batı’ya kıyasla daha minimal ölçülerde yer verilmiş olsa da devlet destekli sanat müzelerinde yer verilmediği görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu araştırmanın, Türkiye’deki sanat müzeleri için bir örnek teşkil edeceği ve bu doğrultuda alan yazınına da katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Amerika’da etkinliğini sürdüren sanat müzelerindeki “çocuk programlarını” betimlemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışma; betimsel tarama modelinde olup, veriler döküman inceleme tekniğiyle toplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çocuk Programları, Sanat, Sanat Müzeleri

THE ART MUSEUMS THAT RUIN THE ODD, UNFAMILIAR OR UNTOUCHABLE IMPRESSION FOR THE CHILDREN

One of the primary goals of the art museums is to attract visitors to museums in order to fulfill excessively the mission that they undertake for the construction of the society and to continue their existence. If that’s so, then are the art museums which contain countless art works and are a center of attraction with their magnificent architecture for adult visitors, attractive to the children as well? Usually art museums may not be inviting for the children with the overwhelming architecture of the huge galleries that contain countless art works, art collections which do not only appeal to adults but also designed according to the perspectives of the adults, the rules that have to be obeyed permanently, the deep silence crowned with the existence of the security staff, presented with the manner that does not let the exploratory spirit of the children to be realized. However, in the developed countries there are art museums which are aware of these facts, ruin the odd, unfamiliar or untouchable impression for the children by applying many programs and new regulations. For instance, the world famous museums such as the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Joslyn Art Museum and the Art Institute of Chicago present “children programs” that give priority to make children meet with art and support their interaction with the art works and artists. With services included in these programs such as guided tours, art workshops, story writing activities, drama activities, school programs, family programs, art courses, summer camps, video/blog contents, touch-do setups, digital interactive practices, mobile museums and museum loan boxes; the children are provided to leave the museum after they have fun, learn and gain different experiences. In the private museums in Turkey services as such are included to a lesser extent, though in the museums that are supported by the government these services are not included. In this context, this research is thought to serve as a model for the art museums in Turkey and make a contribution to the literature in this direction. In this study, which aim to describe the “children museums” in the art museums in the USA, descriptive survey model is used and the datas are collected by document review technique.

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