EXAMINATION OF MENSTRUATION INFORMATION OF THE ELITE AND SUB-ELITE FEMALE ATHLETES IN DIFFERENT BRANCHES IN TERMS OF DIFFERENT VARIANCES

The intensity of training and diets in female athletes with intensive training may affect the menstruation. The purpose of this study is to examine the menstruation information of women athletes in different branches in terms of different variables. Research engaged in sports in different parts of Turkey; handball (n=16), football (n=10), wrestling (n=20) and taekwondo (n=26) total (n=72) female athletes participated. 41 of these athletes were elite athletes and 31 were sub-elite athletes. In this research, data were collected through individual interview using qualitative research methodology. The survey consisting of questions including menstruation, nutrition and some demographic information was created by the researcher by making use of similar studies in the related literature. According to the research findings, there were statistically significant differences found between the elite and the sub-elite female athletes in terms of the frequency of training and the intensity of the training (p

___

Ayan, M., Taş, U., Söğüt, E., Arıcı, S., Karaman, S., Esen, M., Demirtürk, F. (2013). Pirimer Dismenore Ağrılı Hastalarda Diklofenak Sodyum ve Parasetamol Tedavi Etkilerinin Vizüel Analog Skala Kullanılarak Karşılaştırılması. Ağrı Dergisi, 25(2), 78-82.

Azima, S., Bakhshayesh, H. R., Abbasnia, K., Kaviani, M., & Sayadi, M. (2015). The Effect Of Isometric Exercises On Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Galen Medical Journal, 4(1), 26-32.

Barrack, M. T., Gibbs, J. C., De Souza, M. J., Williams, N. I., Nichols, J. F., Rauh, M. J., & Nattiv, A. (2014). Higher Incidence Of Bone Stress Injuries With Increasing Female Athlete Triad–Related Risk Factors: A Prospective Multisite Study Of Exercising Girls And Women. The American Journal Of Sports Medicine, 42 (4), 949-958.

Bayram, G.O. (2007). Sporcuların Premenstrual Sendrom Yönünden Sedanter Bayanlarla Karşılaştırılması. Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi. 3(3): 104-10.

Beals, K. A. (2002). Eating Behaviors, Nutritional Status, And Menstrual Function In Elite Female Adolescent Volleyball Players. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102(9), 1293-1296.

Bennell, K. L., Malcolm, S. A., Wark, J. D., & Brukner, P. D. (1997). Skeletal effects of menstrual disturbances in athletes. Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science In Sports, 7(5), 261-273.

Deb, S. & Fenning, N.R. (2008). Dysmenorrhea. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine. 18, 294 – 298.

Ercan, S. (2017). Kadın Sporcu Üçlemesine Güncel Yaklaşım. Kocaeli Tıp Dergisi, 6(2), 75-79.

Güney, E., Ünver, H., Derya, Y. A., & Tuba, U. (2017). Fiziksel Egzersiz Düzeylerinin Menstrual Siklusa Etkileri. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(3), 137-142.

Jacalyn, J. (1996). Differences in Percent Body Fat, Nutritional Intake and Caloric Expenditure Between Eumenorrheic and Oli/Amenorrheic Athletes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 15(3), 83-87.

Javed, A., Tebben P.J., Fischer P.R. & Lteif, A. N. (2013). Female Athlete Triad And Its Components: Toward Improved Screening And Management. Mayo Clin Proc. 88(9), 996-1009.

Joy, E., Kussman, A. & Nattiv, A. (2016). 2016 Update On Eating Disorders In Athletes: A Comprehensive Narrative Review With A Focus On Clinical Assessment And Management. Br J Sports Med. 50(3), 154- 62.

Karacan, S., Çolakoğlu, F. F., & Ersöz, G. (2013). Menstrual Status Differences Of Elite Turkish Female Athletes From Various Team Sports. Nigde University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Sciences, 7(2), 82- 93.

Kelecek, S. & Kin İşler, A. (2008). Voleybolcularla sedanter üniversite öğrencilerinin mensturasyon özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Conference: 10th International Sport Sciences Congress.

Klentrou, P. & Plyley M. (2003). Onset Of Puberty, Menstrual Frequency, And Body Fat In Elite Rhythmic Gymnasts Compared With Normal Controls. Br J Sports Med. 37(6), 490-494.

Koca, C., Koşar, Ş. N., Güngör, T. N., Güzel, Y., & Öztürk, P. (2014). Kadın Sporcu Üçlemesi El Kitabı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi (No:013A407001). Ankara: Sim Matbaası.

Koz, M., Ersöz, G., & Gelir, E. (2003). Fizyoloji Ders Kitabı. Nobel Yayınevi, 1. Baskı, Ankara.

Lebrun, C.M. & Rumball, J.S. (2002). Female Athlete Triad. Sports Med Arthrosc. 10(1), 23-32.

Nichols, J. F., Rauh, M. J., Barrack, M. T., & Barkai, H. S. (2007). Bone Mineral Density İn Female High School Athletes: İnteractions Of Menstrual Function And Type Of Mechanical Loading. Bone, 41(3), 371-377.

Salehzadeh, K. (2015). The Effects Of Professional Sports On Menstrual Irregularities In Elite Swimmers. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences. 5(1), 4323-4329.

Şahin Özdemir, F. N. & Ersöz, G. (2013). Kadın Sporcu Üçlemesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri, 5(2), 86-95.

Tenforde, A. S., Barrack, M. T., Nattiv, A., & Fredericson, M. (2016). Parallels with the female athlete triad in male athletes. Sports Medicine, 46(2), 171-182.

Thein-Nissenbaum, J. (2013). Long Term Consequences Of The Female Athlete Triad. Maturitas, 75(2), 107-112.

Zergeroğlu, A. M. (2017). Kadın Sporcu Üçlemesi ve Korunma. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Medicine. Special Topics, 3(3), 219-222.