Finansal İçerme – Ekonomik Gelişmişlik İlişkisi: Dünya Geneli İçin Ampirik Bir İnceleme

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; dünya genelindeki ülkelerin 2010 – 2018 dönemindeki finansal içerme seviyeleri ile ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkileri ampirik olarak incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öncelikle ülkelerin finansal içerme seviyelerini belirlemek amacıyla her bir yıl için 108 ülkenin FİE (Finansal İçerme Endeksi) skoru hesaplanmıştır. Sonrasında ise ekonomik gelişmişliği temsilen ülkelerin kişi başına düşen GSYH’lerine ilişkin veriler temin edilmiş ve belirtilen amaç doğrultusunda analizler, panel veri modelleriyle yürütülmüştür. Analizler sonucunda, hem uzun dönemde hem de kısa dönemde, kişi başına GSYH’den FİE skoruna doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Ülkelerin kişi başına düşen milli gelirlerinde meydana gelen her 10.000$’lık bir artış, kısa dönemde (bir sonraki dönemde) FİE skorlarını 0,01 puan ve uzun dönemde ise 0,06 puan artırmaktadır. Çalışmada sonucunda ayrıca, finansal içermenin de kişi başına düşen GSYH üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamsız ancak teorilerle tutarlı olan olumlu bir etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür.

Financial Inclusion - Economic Development Relationship: An Empirical Review for the Worldwide

The main aim of this study is to empirically examine the interrelationships between financial inclusion levels and economic development levels of countries around the world in the period 2010-2018. For this purpose, the FIE (Financial Inclusion Index) score of 108 countries was calculated for each year in order to determine the financial inclusion levels of the countries. Afterwards, GDP per capita of countries representing economic development were obtained and analyzes were carried out with panel data models in line with the stated purpose. As a result of the analysis, a causality relationship was determined from GDP per capita to the FIE score, both in the long run and in the short run. Every increase of $10,000 in GDP per capita increases the FIE scores by 0.01 points in the short-run (in the next period) and 0.06 points in the long-run. As a result of the study, it was found that financial inclusion also had a positive effect on GDP per capita, although it was statistically insignificant but consistent with the theories.

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