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MÜSLÜMAN PSİKOLOGLAR KERTENKELE DELİĞİNDEN ÇIKTI MI? İSLAMİ PSİKOLOJİ ALANINDAKİ GELİŞMELER

1970’lerin sonlarından günümüze kadar akademik literatürde İslam ve psikolojiyi birleştirmeye yönelik bir ilgi kaydedilmektedir. Bilginin İslamileştirilmesi hareketinin bir uzantısı olan psikolojinin İslamileştirilmesi hareketiyle İslami temellere oturan ve İslami bir insan tasavvuruna dayanan bir psikoloji geliştirme çabaları doğmuştur. Bu çerçevede öncülerden Malik Bedri’nin izinde insan doğasında dini/manevi yönü göz ardı eden materyalist Batı psikolojisine gösterilen tepkiler, topyekun bir reddedişten İslami ve Batılı unsurların sentezlenebileceğine kadar çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Batı psikolojisine karşı bu farklı tutumlardan hareketle İslami psikoloji hareketi bu güne kadar dünya çapında geniş bir literatür birikimi, kurumsal oluşumlar ve eğitim programları geliştirmiştir. İslami psikoloji alanındaki konu dağılımları, İslam düşünce mirasının psikolojiye katkılarından; Müslümanların ruh sağlığı üzerine araştırmalar; İslami terapi yöntemleri; Kur’an, sünnet, klasik İslam düşünce geleneği gibi İslami kaynaklara dayanan kişilik teorileri, terapi modelleri; nefs, fıtrat gibi anahtar kavramlar, tasavvufi pratikler; İslami psikolojiye temel teşkil edecek teorik çalışmalara kadar varan geniş bir yelpazeyi kapsamaktadır. Ancak İslami ile neyin kastedildiği, İslami psikolojinin tanım, metodoloji ve teorisi bilimsel seviyede netlik kazanmış değildir. Bazı kuramsal yaklaşımlar ayırt edilmekle beraber İslami psikolojinin tanım ve kuram sorunu henüz çözülmemiş olarak durmaktadır. Bu makalede Malik Bedri’nin öncülüğüyle başlamak üzere biriken literatür, tanım ve kuram sorunu ile psikolojinin İslamileştirilme gereği ile neyin, nasıl ve kim tarafından İslamileştirileceği incelenerek günümüze kadar İslami psikoloji alanındaki gelişmeler değerlendirilmiştir.

HAVE THE MUSLIM PSYCHOLOGIST LEFT THE LIZARD’S HOLE? DEVELOPMENTS IN ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY

Since the late 1970’s there has been a trend in academic literature that is integrating Islam and psychology. The efforts to develop a psychology that grounds on Islamic fundaments and an Islamic conception of man have been a part of Islamization of psychology that is an extension of the Islamization of knowledge movement. Within this approach following one of the pioneers Malik Badri the reactions towards materialistic Western psychology that ignores the religious/spiritual dimension in human nature change from total rejection to integration of Islamic and Western elements. According to these different attitudes towards Western psychology Islamic psychology produced a huge amount of publications, organizations and training programs worldwide. The subject fields of Islamic psychology vary from the contributions of early Muslim Scholars to psychology to research in Muslim mental health; Islamic therapy techniques; personality theories and therapy models based on the Qu’ran, Sunnah, and Islamic tradition of thought; key concepts like nefs, fitrah, sufi practices; conceptual and theoretical approaches to Islamic psychology. However the meaning of Islamic, the definition, methodology, and theory of Islamic psychology is not clarified scientifically yet. Although some conceptual approaches can be distinguished the problem of definition and conceptual framework yet remains unsolved. This paper starting by the leadership of Malik Badri examines the accumulated literature, the problem of definition and conceptualization, the need for Islamizing psychology and the how, what and who to fulfill this need and illustrates the developments that Islamic psychology went through.

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