The research aims to monitor the linguistic phenomena in the Mardin dialect and the linguistic changes that have occurred, analyzed them in the light of modern linguistics, while distinguishing between what they agreed with other dialects of Arabic and what they diverged from, while monitoring the historical development of their phenomena. We have divided these phenomena on: Synthetic phenomena: We analyze by analyzing the grammatical and morphological phenomena of expression, construction, pronoun, derivation, measurement, and order of sentence. And sound phenomena: We analyze by analyzing the linguistic phenomena of vocal harmony, phonetic wear, and the separation of wrong, accent, phonic clips, tilt, and facilitate. And phenotypic phenomena: where we analyze the analysis of emphasis, the transfer of significance, the distribution of significance, and the allocation of significance. And social phenomena: we monitor the influence of the languages of society in Mardin dialect. On the basis of the previous, the research aims to monitor the linguistic phenomena in the Mardin dialect, the linguistic changes that have taken place, and analyze them by modern linguistics, with the distinction between what the Mardin dialect with other Arabic dialects, and what diverged from those dialects. With monitoring the historical development of its phenomena, because this monitoring is a broader understanding of languages and their development and identification of external influences affecting them, hoping to add to the modern linguistic lesson The Arabic dialects of different geographical distribution belong to the same origin, Intersect in its structures and its words with the classical Arabic language which proved by the descent of the Holy Quran from heaven. Despite the return of the Arabic dialects to the origin of one, but there are linguistic phenomena for each dialect that may have been consistent with other dialects or separated from them. The agreement is because they are derived from one origin, or to undergo similar linguistic changes - these changes occur in all languages - over time due to the influence of several factors, including: geographical, social, political, cultural, physical, etc. These factors influence the formation of linguistic phenomena, and the degree of linguistic changes. The difference is due to the difference in the influence of these factors in each dialect according to the existence of each factor and its degree of existence. This means that a dialect may be subjected to some linguistic changes that the rest of the dialects that it shares in the mother tongue, are not subject to those changes. Linguists have observed the importance of environmental conditions in the division of languages into different dialects. When we imagine a language whose have widened and separated by geographic or social factors, we can judge the possibility of dividing this language into several dialects. Mountains, rivers, deserts, or so, may separate between single language environments. The result of this separation is the lack of communication between the people of one nation or the isolation of each other. This follows that small groups of isolated linguistic environments, which after a century or two, develop independently, and this develop distinguishes between its characteristics and divides it into distinct dialects; because it is necessary to develop speech and change over time. But the path of speech in this development varies from environment to another, because the conditions of speech vary between isolated environments. Despite the division of the Arabic language into dialects influenced by different factors, the religious condition, which may not have existed for some languages, prevented its disappearance. This is why it remained in tandem with the dialects that derived from it, with the impact of the Arabic language evident in those dialects. Linguists said that the first language produces a set of dialects that differ from each other in many qualities, but remain consistent in other qualities. The first origin leaves in each of them traces that show the links between the kinship, as a language of literature and writing among the people who speak the dialects of the branch from it. The importance of access to the linguistic lesson to the desired purpose of it to monitor and analyze the linguistic phenomena in the Mardinian dialect; The researcher should not lose sight of the linguistic phenomena in other modern Arabic dialects, Because in spite of the existence of linguistic phenomena in the Mardin dialect, and the occurrence of linguistic changes that occurred throughout the time; but the Mardin dialect shared with the dialects of Arabic in some of these phenomena, and differed in some of them. If the fate of languages is to change and evolve as a result of responding to various influences, to monitor the historical development of linguistic phenomena is important in understanding linguistic development and consolidating its laws. So we must return to the ancient Arabic languages to refer to the phenomena and linguistic changes observed in the Mardinian dialect. Because the more we study modern Arabic dialects reveal things to us. And confirmed that the dialects of speech in the Arab countries still retain the old elements that was prevalent in the dialects of the Arabs before Islam. A modern dialect it has evolved in different Arab environments independently developed by itself, and became local dialects in some of its phenomena, has held many of the features that were known about the ancient tribes. The vocabulary that we now see common to all modern environments, or even most of them, can not only belong to an old dialect or set of dialects. Search Plan: Search section on: Introduction Chapter I: Structural Phenomena: The first topic: parsing: The first phenomenon: endurance of the letter Nun in the present tense The second phenomenon: Langue of the character of the subject The third phenomenon: Langue of the character of the address The second topic: The order in the sentence: The third topic: pronouns: The first phenomenon: changing the sound of neon Phenomenon 2: Change the pre-sound of non-sound The fourth topic: Derivation: The first phenomenon: the quadratic verb The second phenomenon: Agglutination The fifth topic: the wrong measurement Chapter 2: Phenomenology: The first topic: harmony of phonetics The second topic: wear and the wrong separation The third topic: phonetic syllables and accentuation The fourth topic: ease and facilitation The fifth topic: tilt Chapter III: Semantic Phenomenon: The first topic: Emphasis The second topic: transmission of significance Chapter 4: Social phenomena: The influence of community languages in Mardin dialect The first topic: The influence of Turkish language in the Mardin dialect The second topic: The influence of the Kurdish language in the Mardin dialect Sources and reference