KURTULUŞ YA DA FELAKET: EDEBİYATTA SU SEMBOLİZMİ

Sanatın önde gelen kollarından biri olan edebiyat yaşamdan türetilmiş önemli semboller içerir. Bu semboller, insanoğlunun edebiyata aktardığı düşüncelerinin, duygularının ve fikirlerinin yansıtıcıları olarak işlev görürler. Bu bağlamda su, tarihin başlangıcından beri sözlü ve yazılı edebiyatın başlıca sembollerinden biri olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Su teması ve sembolizmi genellikle katarsis, arınma, yaşam ve yeniden doğuş fikirleri ile bağlantılıdır. Bununla birlikte su sembolizmi sıklıkla iki yönlü olarak kullanılır. Olumlu ve yenileyici özelliklerinin yanı sıra, olumsuz yıkıcı özellikler su sembolizminde önemlidir. Özellikle psikanalitik çalışmalar açısından su, içgüdüler gibi karanlık güçleri barındıran bilinçdışının bir sembolü olarak kabul edilir.Bu çalışma İngiliz Edebiyatından seçme edebi eserlerde su sembolizmini ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Aşkınlık sembollerinden biri olan su, edebi eserlerde kurtuluş ve/ya felaket (yaşam ve/ya ölüm) temalarını uyandıran iki başlı bir sembol olarak ele alınacaktır. Çalışma, su sembolizminin psikanalitik okumasına dayanarak, farklı tür ve dönemlerden İngilizce edebi eserlerdeki çeşitli boyutlarla su teması ve sembolizmini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır

SALVATION OR CATASTROPHE: SYMBOLISM OF WATER IN LITERATURE

As one of the prominent branches of art literature involves significant symbols that are derived from life. Those symbols function as reflectors of thoughts, feelings and ideas of human beings who transmit those aspects to their literary works. In this respect, water appears as one of the leading symbols in oral and written literature since the beginning of history. As a must-have life source, water penetrates into literary works with a variety of symbolism. The theme and symbolism of water are mainly related to the ideas of catharsis, cleansing, life and re-birth. Nevertheless, water symbolism is frequently used in two-dimensional way. Besides its positive and regenerative features, negative and destructive ones are significant in water symbolism. Especially in terms of psychoanalytic studies, water is accepted as a symbol of unconscious that harbors dark forces such as instincts. With regard to the psychoanalytic reading of water symbolism, this study intends to exhibit the theme and symbolism of water with varied dimensions from English literary works of diverse genres and periods

PDF

___

ABURROW, Yvonne (2009). “The Mirror of the Soul”. From a Drop of Water. Ed. Kim Huggens. London: Avalonia. pp. 35-41.
BALDICK, Chris (1990). Dictionary of Literary Terms. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP.
BURCKHARDT, Titus (2009). Foundations of Oriental Art and Symbolism. Bloomington: World Wisdom.
BURKE, John J. Jr. (1995). “Bloom Canonizes Murdoch”. The Iris Murdoch Newsletter. Number 9, pp. 12- 13.
CHAMPIGNY, Diane M. (2009). “Strung Like Pearls”. From a Drop of Water. Ed. Kim Huggens. London: Avalonia. pp. 141-148.
CIRLOT, J. E. (1971). A Dictionary of Symbols. (Diccionario de Simbolos Tradicionales, 1962). (Tran. By. Jack Sage). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.
D’ESTE, Sorita (2009). “To Dare”. From a Drop of Water. Ed. Kim Huggens. London: Avalonia. pp. 67-83.
DREWE, Robert (2002). The Penguin Book of the Beach. London: Penguin Books.
FALAISE, Nina (2009). “Dancing with Water”. From a Drop of Water. Ed. Kim Huggens. London: Avalonia. pp. 31-34.
FORDOŃSKI, Krzysztof (1999). “The Symbolic Usage of Water in A Room with a View by Edward Morgan Forster”. Tradition and Postmodernity: English and American Studies and the Challenges of the Future. Eds. Teresa Bela and Zygmunt Mazur. Krakow: Universitas. pp. 203-212.
FREUD, Sigmund (1922). “Dreams and Telepathy”. Standard Edition, Vol. XVIII. London: Hogarth. (1939) Moses and Monotheism: Three Essays. Standard Edition. Vol. XXIII. London: Hogarth. (2010) Psikanaliz Üzerine (Neue Folge der Vorlesungen zur Einführung in die Psychoanalyse, 1933). (Trans. By. A. Avni Öneş). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
GÖKTÜRK, Akşit (1973). Edebiyatta Ada. İstanbul: Sinan Yayınları.
GÜNEŞ, Ali (1999). “Sybolism in Virginia Woolfs To the Lighthouse”. Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters. Vol: 16, Number: 2. pp. 173-188.
HARRINGTON, Melissa (2009). “The Moon”. From a Drop of Water. Ed. Kim Huggens. London: Avalonia. pp. 165-171.
HENRY, Patrick (2007). “Water as a Religious Symbol”. Psychological Insight into the Bible: Texts and Readings. Ed. Wayne G. Rollins and d. Andrew Kille. Cambridge: Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 103- 106.
HUGGENS, Kim (2009a). “Foreword”. From a Drop of Water. Ed. Kim Huggens. London: Avalonia. pp. 9- 12. (2009b) “The Admiral, The Siren and Whale”. From a Drop of Water. Ed. Kim Huggens. London: Avalonia. pp. 47-66.
JONES, Ernest (1955). Sigmund Freud: Life and Work. London: Hogarth.
JOSHI D. and FAWCETT B. (2006). “Water, Hindu Mythology and an Unequal Social Order in India”. A History of Water: The World of Water. Ed. Terje Tvedt and Terje Oestigaard. London: I. B. Tauris. pp. 119-156.
JUNG, Carl Gustav (2009). İnsan ve Sembolleri (Man and His Symbols, 1964). (Trans. By. Ali Nahit Babaoğlu). İstanbul: Okuyan Us Yayınları.
(2009) Dört Arketip (Die archetypen und das kollektive unbewusste, 1976). (Trans. By. Zehra Aksu Yılmazer). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
(2009) Anılar, Düşler, Düşünceler (Erinnerungen, Träume, Gedanken, 1961). (Trans. By. İris Kantemir). İstanbul: Can Yayınları.
MAGIN (2009). “Rituals of Water”. From a Drop of Water. Ed. Kim Huggens. London: Avalonia. pp. 149- 160.
MARMARA, Nilgün (2007). Sylvia Plath’in Şairliğinin İntiharı Bağlamında Analizi. İstanbul: Everest Yayınları.
MEYERS, Jeffrey (2003). “An Interview with Iris Murdoch” (1990). From A Tiny Corner In The House of Fiction Conversations With Iris Murdoch. Ed. Gillian Dooley. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. pp. 218-234.
NABARZ, Payam (2009). “Anahita”. From a Drop of Water. Ed. Kim Huggens. London: Avalonia. pp. 21- 30.
ORPHEUS, Rodney and ORCHARD, Cathryn (2009). “A Feast For Water”. From a Drop of Water. Ed. Kim Huggens. London: Avalonia. pp. 135-140.
PETOCZ, Agnes (2004). Freud, Psychoanalysis and Symbolism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
REYES, Andrea Salgado (2009). “The Queen of the Oceans”. From a Drop of Water. Ed. Kim Huggens. London: Avalonia. pp. 125-130.
St. Joseph Edition of the Holy Bible, “Genesis” (1963). Catholic Book Publishing Company.
STOKOWSKI, Patricia (2008). “Symbolic Aspects of Water”. Water and People: Challenges at the Interface of Symbolic and Utilitarian Values. Ed. Stephen F. McCool. Washington: USDA