Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Salgınının Spor Organizasyonlarına Etkisi ve Sporda Normalleşme Süreci

2019 yılının son günlerinde adından söz ettirmeye başlayan koronavirüs, 2020 yılı ile birlikte tüm dünyada büyük bir hızla yayılmış ve vaka sayılarındaki artışa paralel olarak 600 binden fazla insanın ölümüne sebep olmuştur. Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün pandemi kararı almasıyla birlikte hemen hemen tüm ülkelerde önemli kısıtlamalara (seyahatlerin durdurulması, eğitime ara verilmesi, sosyal mesafe kuralı, kalabalık organizasyonların iptali vb.) gidilmiştir. Küreselleşen spor endüstrisinin doğası gereği sporcuları bir araya getiren ilişki temelli spor etkinlikleri olduğu düşünüldüğünde, taraftarlar ve medya çalışanları yalnızca Covid19 salgınının sürdürülebilir olmasına ve hastalığın yayılmasına yönelik potansiyel tehdidi artırmaya hizmet edeceği söylenebilir. Spor organizasyonlarının ertelenmesi de alınan bu önlemler arasındadır. Sürecin uzaması tüm sektörlerde olduğu gibi spor endüstrisinin de ekonomik anlamda sarsılmaya başlamasına sebep olmuştur. Tarama modeliyle yapılan bu nitel araştırmada, Covid-19 pandemisi sebebiyle büyük spor organizasyonlarının ertelenmesi veya iptal edilmesinin spor endüstrisindeki etkilerine ve olası finansal sonuçlarına, ayrıca sporda normalleşme sürecine ilişkin sporseverlerin yeniden spor etkinliklerine Covid-19 sırasında gitmeyi tercih etmeleri için oluşması gereken şartlara dair beklentilerinin neler olduğuna ve spor organizasyonlarını düzenlemede yetkili kişi ve kuruluşlara öneriler sunmaya odaklanılmıştır. Spor organizasyonların belirli politikalar ve kurallar çerçevesinde başlatılacak olması spor kulüplerine ve federasyonlara ekstra maliyetlerde doğuracaktır. Bu sebeple spor endüstrisine tüm devletlerin biraz daha ekonomik destek sağlayarak ve bu normalleşme sürecinde kulüplerin ve federasyonların üzerinde oluşacak fazladan yüklerin bir kısmını üstlenmesi gerekmektedir.

The Effect of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic on Sports for Peer Review Only Organizations and Normalization Process in Sport

The coronavirus, which started to be mentioned in the last days of 2019, spread rapidly all over the world at the beginning of 2020 and caused the death of more than 600 thousand people in parallel with the increase in the number of cases. With the World Health Organization making a pandemic decision, significant restrictions (stopping travels, interrupting education, social distance rule, cancellation of crowded organizations etc.) have been implemented in all countries. Considered the nature of the globalizing sports industry, there are relationship-based sports events that bring athletes together; it can be said that fans and media professionals will only serve to increase the potential threat to the spread of the disease. Postponing sports organizations are among these measures. The prolongation of the process caused the sports industry to start to shake economically, as in all sectors. This review study focuses on the effects of postponing or cancellation of large sports organizations due to the Covid-19 pandemic on the sports industry and possible financial consequences, the expectations of sports fans about the conditions that must be created in normalization process to decide participating sports events again even Covid-19 still exists. This study also provides several recommendations to individuals and officials who are in charge of organizing sports events. The fact that sports organizations will be launched within the framework of certain policies and rules will also add extra costs to sports clubs and federations. For this reason, all states should undertake some of the extra burdens on the clubs and federations by providing a little more economic support to the sports industry during this normalization process.

PDF

___

Barabasi, A. L. (2015). Network science. Cambridge University Press.
BBC. (2020). Türkiye'de ligler-TFF Başkanı Nihat Özdemir: Takımlarda virüs çıksa dahi, pozitif çıkanları ayırarak yolumuza devam edeceğiz. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye52693731
Caner, Z. G., Ünal, M., Apaydın, Z., Dağ, A., Okur, Ş., Kara, E., & Bildik, C. (2020). COVID-19 hastalığı ve ev egzersizlerinin önemi. Journal of Medical Sciences, 1(3), 25-33. https://doi.org/10.46629/jms.2020.1
Clarkson, B. G., Culvin, A., Pope, S., & Parry, K. D. (2020). Covid-19: Reflections on threat and uncertainty for the future of elite women’s football in England. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1766377
Evans, A. B., Blackwell, J., Dolan, P., Fahlén, J., Hoekman, R., Lenneis, V., ... & Wilcock, L. (2020). Sport in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: towards an agenda for research in the sociology of sport. European Journal for Sport and Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2020.1765100
Gough, C. (2020a). COVID-19: measures to increase likelihood of attending sporting events 2020.
Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1114764/covid-live-sports-comfort-levelmeasures/
Gough, C. (2020b). COVID-19: milestones to increase likelihood of attending sporting events 2020.
Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1114767/covid-live-sports-comfort-levelmilestones/
Gough, C. (2020c). COVID-19: potential transfer value loss for European soccer teams 2020.
Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1109339/coronavirus-transfer-loss-soccerteams/
Gough, C. (2020d). COVID-19: sports industry revenue loss 2020. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1114808/coronavirus-sports-revenue-loss/
Güzel, P., Yildiz, K., Esentas, M., & Zerengök, D. (2020). "Know-How" to spend time in home isolation during COVID-19; Restrictions and recreational activities. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(2), 122-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.02.011
Hellewell, J., Abbott, S., Gimma, A., Bosse, N. I., Jarvis, C. I., Russell, T. W., Munday, J. D., Kucharski, A. J., Edmunds, W. J., Funk, S., Eggo, R. M., Sun, F., Flasche, S., Quilty, B. J., Davies, N., Liu, Y., Clifford, S., Klepac, P., Jit, M., & Zandvoort, K. (2020). Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts. Lancet Global Health, 8(4), 488–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30074-7
Hughes, D., Saw, R., Perera, N. K. P., Mooney, M., Wallett, A., Cooke, J., Coatsworth, N., & Broderick, C. (2020). The Australian Institute of Sport Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.004
Hui, D. S. I., Azhar, E., Madani, T. A., Ntoumi, F., Kock, R., Dar, O., Ippolito, G., Mchugh, T. D., Memish, Z. A., Drosten, C., Zumla, A., & Petersen, E. (2020). The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 91, 264-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009
Lagne, D. (2020). Potential revenue loss of European football leagues due to the coronavirus. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1105710/potential-revenue-loss-of-major-europefootball-leaguesdue-to-the-coronavirus-covid-19-by-source/
Memish, Z. A., Steffen, R., White, P., Dar, O., Azhar, E. I., Sharma, A., & Zumla, A. (2019). Mass gatherings medicine: Public health issues arising from mass gathering religious and sporting events. The Lancet, 393(10185), 2073–2084. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30501-X
Millán-Oñate, J., Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Camacho-Moreno, G., Mendoza-Ramírez, H., Rodríguez-Sabogal, I. A., & Álvarez-Moreno, C. (2020). A new emerging zoonotic virus of concern: the 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS CoV-2). Infectio, 24(3), 187-192. http://doi.org/10.22354/in.v24i3.848
Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M., & Agha, R. (2020). The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. International Journal of Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
Nishiura, H., Kobayashi, T., Yang, Y., Hayashi, K., Miyama, T., Kinoshita, R., Linton, N. M., Jung, S. M., Yuan, B., Suzuki, A., & Akhmetzhanov, A. R. (2020). The Rate of Underascertainment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection: Estimation Using Japanese Passengers Data on Evacuation Flights. J. Clin. Med. 9, 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020419
Parnell, D., Widdop, P., Bond, A., & Wilson, R. (2020). COVID-19, networks and sport. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-7 https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1750100
Rodríguez-Morales, A. J., MacGregor, K., Kanagarajah, S., Patel, D., & Schlagenhauf, P. (2020). Going global–Travel and the 2019 novel coronavirus. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 33, 101578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101578
Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Japan: mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 74(4), 281. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12988
Stevens, V., Prins, R. G. (2020). “Twitterers’ sentiments towards the COVID-19 responses of the FIA, UEFA and IOC.” Retrieved April 24, 2020 from https://www.mulierinstituut.nl/publicaties/25341/twitterers-sentimentstowards-the-covid19-responses-of-the-fia-uefa-and-ioc/
TBF. (2020). Bilgilendirme. https://www.tbf.org.tr/haber/bilgilendirme-11052020
TFF. (2020a). Koronavirüs (Kovid-19) tedbirleri ve seyircisiz oynanacak maçlar hakkında. https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=687&ftxtID=33152
TFF. (2020b). TFF Yönetim Kurulu Kararı. https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=687&ftxtID=33276
Türkmen, M. & Özsarı, A. (2020). Covid-19 Salgını ve Spor Sektörüne Etkileri. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 8(2), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.14486/IntJSCS.2020.596
TVF. (2020). Kamuoyu Duyurusu. https://www.tvf.org.tr/duyurular/kamuoyu-duyurusu-4/
UEFA. (2020). COVID-19: latest updates on UEFA competitions. Erişim Tarihi: 26.05.2020. https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/newsid=2641065.html
Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020). A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)30185-9
World Health Organisation. (2020a). Joint ICAO-WHO Statement on COVID-19. https://www.icao.int/Security/COVID-19/Pages/Statements.aspx
World Health Organisation. (2020b). Key planning recommendations for Mass Gatherings in the context of the current COVID-19 outbreak. https://www.who.int/publicationsdetail/keyplanning-recommendations-for-mass-gatheringsin-the-context-of-the-currentcovid-19-outbreak
World Health Organisation. (2020c) Novel Coronavirus – China. 2020 12 January; https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/
World Health Organization. (2011). WHO Global mass gatherings: implications and opportunities for global health security. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/23751