Hedef Yönelimi, Başarı ve Anlam İhtiyacı: Füreya Koral’ın Psikobiyografik İncelemesi

Psikobiyografi çalışmaları, kişilerin yaşamlarının psikoloji kuramları çerçevesinde sosyo-kültürel bir bağlamda ele alınmasına dayanmaktadır. Bu psikobiyografi çalışmasında bir sanatçının tüm yaşamını etkilemiş olan güdüleri, güdülenme süreci, hedefleri ve oluşturma süreçleri, başarı ve anlam ihtiyacı kavramlarıyla ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada psikobiyografi metodolojisi olarak önerilen beş aşama izlenmiştir. (1) Türkiye’de modern seramik sanatının öncüsü olan ve geç sayılabilecek yaşta sanata başlamasına karşın çok başarılı olan Füreya Koral’ın yaşamı incelenmek üzere seçilmiştir. (2) Füreya hakkında veri toplamak üzere sanat dergileri, gazeteler, sergi katalogları ve Ayşe Kulin’in yazarı olduğu biyografik bir roman kaynak olarak alınmıştır. (3) Sanatçının seramik sanatına duyduğu tutkunun gerisindeki güdüleri analiz etmek üzere hedef oluşturma, başarı ihtiyacı ve anlam ihtiyacı kavramları belirlenmiştir. (4). Seçilen kavramlar analitik kodlama kategorileri oluşturularak kişinin yaşam dönemlerine uygulanmıştır. (5). Analizler sonucunda kişin hedefleri “tedavi hedefleri” ve “sanatsal hedefler” olmak üzere iki grupta toplanmıştır. Hedeflerin belirlenmesinde mevcut-ideal uyuşmazlığının yaşandığı, hedeflere ulaşmada test et-işlet-test et-bitir (T-O-TE) sürecinin işletildiği belirlenmiştir. Füreya’nın hedeflerinin ulaşılması zor, özgül ve uzun erimli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Somut hedeflere ulaşarak gerçekleştirebileceği soyut hedeflerinin olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Öte yandan başarı ihtiyacının güçlü olduğu ve başlangıçta performans hedeflerine sahipken, zamanla ustalaşma hedeflerine yöneldiği bulunmuştur. Ayrıca anlam ihtiyacı da yüksek düzeydedir. Bu çalışmada hedef, başarı ihtiyacı ve anlam arama güdülenmelerine ilişkin kavramsal açıklamaların belirli bir kişinin hayatının incelenmesindeki kullanışlılığının desteklendiği söylenebilir. Ayrıca çalışma, sistematik analiz içeren bir psikobiyografi olarak, gelecekte aynı veya farklı kavramlarla başka kişilerin de yaşamının incelendiği psikobiyografi çalışmaları için bir örnek sayılabilir.

Goal Orientation, Need for Achievement and Meaning: Psychobiographical Investigation of Füreya Koral

Psychobiography studies focus on the lives of historically important people in their socio-cultural context based on various psychological theories. In present psychobiography the motives and motivational processes of an artist were examined by utilizing the concepts of goals, goal orientation, processes of goal setting, need for achievement and need for meaning. Five methodological steps of psychobiography were followed. (1) Fureya Koral who was a pioneering ceramic artist of Republican Era of Turkey and began her artistic works in relatively late in age was chosen as figure to be focused on. (2) In order to collect data about her several interviews published in the art magazines and newspapers, exhibition catalogues and also a biographical novel by Ayşe Kulin were used as sources. (3) The concepts of goal setting, need for achievement and need for meaning were chosen to analyse the motivations behind her great enthusiasm on ceramic art. (4) These motivational concepts were applied to a person’s orientations during the periods of her life and, data were analysed by coding into analytical categories. (5). The results of the analyses and evaluations pointed out that there are two groups of goals named “recovery goals” and “artistic goals”. It became clear that in the course of goal setting Fureya experienced a present-ideal discrepancy and, utilized Test-Operate-Test-Exit (TOTE) process to reach her goals. Her goals were kinds of aims to be hard to achieve, specific and longtermed. It seems that she had abstract goals by achieving apparently concrete goals. Furthermore, it was found that she had a strong need for achievement and initially she had performance goals afterwards she turned towards mastering ones. She had been also in high need for meaning. The study supported the usefulness of the motivational concepts of goals, need for achievement and search for meaning to scrutinizing a particular person's life. In addition, this psychobiography that is comprehensive analysis based on the number of motivational concepts can be considered as an example for future psychobiography studies in which the lives of another person is examined with the same or different concepts.

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